Analytical methodologies concerning historic neighbourhoods for urban renewal in southern Chile. How to understand the place to intervene?
Abstract
Historic urban spaces are emplacements that present a particular special interest due to their cultural value and their both urban and architectural pattern. The built environment of cities is composed of a number of variables – anthropic, spatial, morphological, environmental, social, constructive and atmospheric – and all of them must be part of a system that is capable of generating more comfortable and efficient environments. Currently, the work of expert professionals linked to the built environment implies an environmental challenge related to the buildings and their direct harmony with the natural environment; the development of comprehensive plans capable of administering, preserving and protecting historical-heritage constructions in areas susceptible to certain natural disasters; as well as the incorporation of sustainability criteria in urban planning instruments, which is one of the main objectives for regional and state public administrations. This research work intends to propose a comprehensive set of analytical methodologies focused on the morphology of urban blocks, the vitality of the neighbourhood and the functional service life state presented by heritage buildings in order to provide strategies for a proposal for urban regeneration in the case of Barrios Bajos of the city of Valdivia, in southern Chile. This study shows the implications of the proposed methodologies in order to verify their validity and empirically test the application of this type of proposal in one of the historic neighbourhoods of the city of Valdivia, used as a prototype of southern Chile.
Keyword : urban renewal, buildings, sustainability, functional service life, historic neighbourhoods
How to Cite
Niehaus, M., Ibieta, P., Prieto, A. J., Osorio, E., & Zumelzu, A. (2021). Analytical methodologies concerning historic neighbourhoods for urban renewal in southern Chile. How to understand the place to intervene?. Journal of Architecture and Urbanism, 45(1), 60-72. https://doi.org/10.3846/jau.2021.12894
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
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https://doi.org/10.1016/S0264-2751(00)00008-1
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Martinović, A., & Ifko, S. (2018). Industrial heritage as a catalyst for urban regeneration in post-conflict cities Case study: Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Cities, 74, 259–268.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2017.12.013
Maturana, F., & Rojas, A. (2015). Ciudades intermedias en Chile: Territorios olvidados. RIL Editores.
Metselaar, G., & Priemus, H. (1992). Urban renewal policy in a European perspective: an international comparative analysis. Delft University Press.
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Nassar, U. A. E., El-Samaty, H. M. S., & El-Zeni, M. M. (2018). Place syntax: an “Optimal area” selection methodology proposed for pedestrianization. Spaces & Flows: An International Journal of Urban & Extra Urban Studies, 9(3).
https://doi.org/10.18848/2154-8676/CGP/v09i03/29-53
Niu, S., Lau, S. S. Y., Shen, Z., & Lau, S. S. Y. (2018). Sustainability issues in the industrial heritage adaptive reuse: rethinking culture-led urban regeneration through Chinese case studies. Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, 33(3), 501–518. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10901-018-9614-5
Oliveira, V. (2013). Morpho: A methodology for assessing urban form. Urban Morphology, 17(1), 21–33.
Orueta, F. D. (2007). Madrid: Urban regeneration projects and social mobilization. Cities, 24(3), 183–193.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2006.11.004
Prieto, A. J., Macías-Bernal, J. M., Chávez, M. J., & Alejandre, F. J. (2016). Expert system for predicting buildings service life under ISO 31000 standard. Application in architectural heritage. Journal of Cultural Heritage, 18, 209–218.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2015.10.006
Prieto, A. J., Macías-Bernal, J. M., Chávez, M. J., & Alejandre, F. J. (2017). Fuzzy modeling of the functional service life of architectural heritage buildings. Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, 31(5), 04017041.
https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0001021
Prieto, A. J., Vásquez, V., Silva, A., Horn, A., Alejandre, F. J., & Macías-Bernal, J. M. (2019). Protection value and functional service life of heritage timber buildings. Building Research & Information, 47(5), 567–584.
https://doi.org/10.1080/09613218.2017.1404827
Roberts, P. W., & Sykes, H. (2000). Urban regeneration: a handbook. Sage Publications Ltd.
Roberts, P., Sykes, H., & Granger, R. (Eds.). (2016). Urban regeneration. Sage Publications Ltd. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781473921788
Saelzer, G., Gómez, P., & Ruiz-Tagle, A. (2019, March 26–30). Integral heritage rehabilitation challenges in Southern Chile: The case of wooden cities, Valdivia. In Science and Digital Technology for Cultural Heritage-Interdisciplinary Approach to Diagnosis, Vulnerability, Risk Assessment and Graphic Information Models: Proceedings of the 4th International Congress Science and Technology for the Conservation of Cultural Heritage (TechnoHeritage 2019, p. 236), Sevilla, Spain. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429345470-44
Talen, E. (2008). Design for diversity: exploring socially mixed neighborhoods. Architectural Press.
UN Habitat. (2016). Urbanization and development: Emerging futures (World Cities Report 2016). UN Habitat.
Vaughan, L. (2001). Space syntax observation manual. University College of London.
Vicente, R., Ferreira, T. M., & Da Silva, J. R. M. (2015). Supporting urban regeneration and building refurbishment. Strategies for building appraisal and inspection of old building stock in city centres. Journal of Cultural Heritage, 16(1), 1–14.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2014.03.004
Vijay, P. V., Tulasi Gadde, K., & GangaRao, H. V. S. (2019). Structural evaluation and rehabilitation of century-old masonry and timber buildings. Journal of Architectural Engineering, 25(2), 05019001.
https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)AE.1943-5568.0000350
Wang, H., Shen, Q., Tang, B., Lu, C., Peng, Y., & Tang, L. (2014). A framework of decision-making factors and supporting information for facilitating sustainable site planning in urban renewal projects. Cities, 40, 44–55.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2014.04.005
Yoon, J., & Lee, J. (2019). Adaptive reuse of apartments as heritage assets in the seoul station urban regeneration area. Sustainability, 11(11), 3124. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11113124
Yung, E. H. K., Zhang, Q., Chan, E. H. W. (2017). Underlying social factors for evaluating heritage conservation in urban renewal districts. Habitat International, 66, 135–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2017.06.004
Yung, E. K., Conejos, S., Chan, E. H. W. (2016). Social needs of the elderly and active aging in public open spaces in urban renewal. Cities, 52, 114–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2015.11.022
Zadeh, L. (1965). Fuzzy sets. Information and Control, 8(3), 338–353. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0019-9958(65)90241-X
Zeng, C., Song, Y., He, Q., & Shen, F. (2018). Spatially explicit assessment on urban vitality: Case studies in Chicago and Wuhan. Sustainable Cities and Society, 40, 296–306.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2018.04.021
Zheng, H. W., Shen, Q. G., & Wang, H. (2014). A review of recent studies on sustainable urban renewal. Habitat International, 41, 272–279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2013.08.006
Zumelzu, A. (2019). Urban Renewal. In A. Orum (Ed.). The Wiley-Blackwell encyclopedia of urban and regional studies (Vol. 5, pp. 2506–2514). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118568446.eurs0391
Zumelzu, A., & Barrientos-Trinanes, M. (2019). Analysis of the effects of urban form on neighborhood vitality: five cases in Valdivia, Southern Chile. Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, 34(3), 897–925. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10901-019-09694-8
Ashworth, G. J., & Tunbridge, J. E. (2017). Multiple approaches to heritage in urban regeneration: the case of City Gate, Valletta. Journal of Urban Design, 22(4), 494–501.
https://doi.org/10.1080/13574809.2015.1133230
Bolay, J. C., & Rabinovich, A. (2004). Intermediate cities in Latin America risk and opportunities of coherent urban development. Cities, 21(5), 407–421.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2004.07.007
Borsdorf, A., & Hidalgo, R. (2010). From polarization to fragmentation. Recent changes in Latin American urbanization. In P. V. Lindert, & O. Verkoren (Eds.), Decentralized development in Latin America: Experiences in local governance and local development (pp. 23–34). Springer.
Borsdorf, A., Marchant, C., & Sánchez, R. (2012). Changes in urbanization processes. Intermediate cities in the Chilean urban system. In D. Rivera (Ed.), Chile: Environmental, political and social issues (pp. 159–173). Nova Publishers. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3739-8_2
Buissink, J. D. (Ed.). (1985). Aspects of urban renewal: report of an enquiry by questionnaire concerning the relation between urban renewal and economic development. International Federation for Housing and Planning.
Cheshire, P., & Hay, D. (1989). Urban problems in Western Europe: An economic analysis. Routledge.
CNDU. (2018). Política Nacional de Desarrollo Urbano. https://cndu.gob.cl/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/L4-Politica-Nacional-Urbana.pdf
Couch, C. (1990). Urban renewal: Theory and practice. Macmillan Education. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20912-5
Couch, C., & Dennemann, A. (2000). Urban regeneration and sustainable development in Britain – the example of the Liverpool Ropewalks Partnerships. Cities, 17(2), 137–147.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0264-2751(00)00008-1
de Graaf, R., & van der Brugge, R. (2010). Transforming water infrastructure by linking water management and urban renewal in Rotterdam. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 77(8), 1282–1291.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2010.03.011
Doratli, N. (2000). A model for conservation and revitalization of historic urban quarters in Northern Cyprus [Unpublished Ph. D. thesis]. Eastern Mediterranean University, Gazimagusa, Turkey.
Doratli, N., Hoskara, S. O., & Fasli, M. (2004). An analytical methodology for revitalization strategies in historic urban quarters: a case study of the Walled City of Nicosia, North Cyprus. Cities, 21(4), 329–348.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2004.04.009
European Commission. (2000). Research for protection, conservation and enhancement of cultural heritage: opportunities for European enterprises. In Proceedings of the 4th European Commission Conference.
Franchi-Arzola, I., Martin-Vide, J., & Henríquez, C. (2018). Sustainability assessment in development planning in subnational territories: Regional development strategies in Chile. Sustainability, 10(5), 1398.
https://doi.org/10.3390/su10051398
Frey, H. (1999). Designing the city: towards a more sustainable urban form. Spon Press.
Frey, H., & Bagaeen, S. (2010). Adapting the city. In M. Jenks, & C. Jones (Eds.), Dimensions of the sustainable city (pp. 163–184). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8647-2_8
Ingram, G., & Carroll, A. (1981). The spatial structure of Latin American cities. Journal of Urban Economics, 9(2), 257–273. https://doi.org/10.1016/0094-1190(81)90044-9
Inter-American Development Bank. (2015). Valdivia capital sostenible: plan de acción. ICES, Valdivia, Chile. https://www.iadb.org/en
Jenks, M., & Jones, C. (2010). Dimensions of the sustainable city. Springer.
Lombardi, D. R., Porter, L., Barber, A., & Rogers, C. D. F. (2011). Conceptualising sustainability in UK urban regeneration: a discursive formation. Urban Studies, 48(2), 273–296. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098009360690
Macías-Bernal, J. M., Calama-Rodríguez, J. M., & Chávez-de Diego, M. J. (2014). Modelo de predicción de la vida útil de la edificación patrimonial a partir de la lógica difusa. Informes de la Construcción, 66(533), 006.
https://doi.org/10.3989/ic.12.107
Martinović, A., & Ifko, S. (2018). Industrial heritage as a catalyst for urban regeneration in post-conflict cities Case study: Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Cities, 74, 259–268.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2017.12.013
Maturana, F., & Rojas, A. (2015). Ciudades intermedias en Chile: Territorios olvidados. RIL Editores.
Metselaar, G., & Priemus, H. (1992). Urban renewal policy in a European perspective: an international comparative analysis. Delft University Press.
Ministerio de Vivienda y Urbanismo. (2019). Gobierno de Chile. https://www.minvu.cl/
Nassar, U. A. E., El-Samaty, H. M. S., & El-Zeni, M. M. (2018). Place syntax: an “Optimal area” selection methodology proposed for pedestrianization. Spaces & Flows: An International Journal of Urban & Extra Urban Studies, 9(3).
https://doi.org/10.18848/2154-8676/CGP/v09i03/29-53
Niu, S., Lau, S. S. Y., Shen, Z., & Lau, S. S. Y. (2018). Sustainability issues in the industrial heritage adaptive reuse: rethinking culture-led urban regeneration through Chinese case studies. Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, 33(3), 501–518. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10901-018-9614-5
Oliveira, V. (2013). Morpho: A methodology for assessing urban form. Urban Morphology, 17(1), 21–33.
Orueta, F. D. (2007). Madrid: Urban regeneration projects and social mobilization. Cities, 24(3), 183–193.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2006.11.004
Prieto, A. J., Macías-Bernal, J. M., Chávez, M. J., & Alejandre, F. J. (2016). Expert system for predicting buildings service life under ISO 31000 standard. Application in architectural heritage. Journal of Cultural Heritage, 18, 209–218.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2015.10.006
Prieto, A. J., Macías-Bernal, J. M., Chávez, M. J., & Alejandre, F. J. (2017). Fuzzy modeling of the functional service life of architectural heritage buildings. Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, 31(5), 04017041.
https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0001021
Prieto, A. J., Vásquez, V., Silva, A., Horn, A., Alejandre, F. J., & Macías-Bernal, J. M. (2019). Protection value and functional service life of heritage timber buildings. Building Research & Information, 47(5), 567–584.
https://doi.org/10.1080/09613218.2017.1404827
Roberts, P. W., & Sykes, H. (2000). Urban regeneration: a handbook. Sage Publications Ltd.
Roberts, P., Sykes, H., & Granger, R. (Eds.). (2016). Urban regeneration. Sage Publications Ltd. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781473921788
Saelzer, G., Gómez, P., & Ruiz-Tagle, A. (2019, March 26–30). Integral heritage rehabilitation challenges in Southern Chile: The case of wooden cities, Valdivia. In Science and Digital Technology for Cultural Heritage-Interdisciplinary Approach to Diagnosis, Vulnerability, Risk Assessment and Graphic Information Models: Proceedings of the 4th International Congress Science and Technology for the Conservation of Cultural Heritage (TechnoHeritage 2019, p. 236), Sevilla, Spain. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429345470-44
Talen, E. (2008). Design for diversity: exploring socially mixed neighborhoods. Architectural Press.
UN Habitat. (2016). Urbanization and development: Emerging futures (World Cities Report 2016). UN Habitat.
Vaughan, L. (2001). Space syntax observation manual. University College of London.
Vicente, R., Ferreira, T. M., & Da Silva, J. R. M. (2015). Supporting urban regeneration and building refurbishment. Strategies for building appraisal and inspection of old building stock in city centres. Journal of Cultural Heritage, 16(1), 1–14.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2014.03.004
Vijay, P. V., Tulasi Gadde, K., & GangaRao, H. V. S. (2019). Structural evaluation and rehabilitation of century-old masonry and timber buildings. Journal of Architectural Engineering, 25(2), 05019001.
https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)AE.1943-5568.0000350
Wang, H., Shen, Q., Tang, B., Lu, C., Peng, Y., & Tang, L. (2014). A framework of decision-making factors and supporting information for facilitating sustainable site planning in urban renewal projects. Cities, 40, 44–55.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2014.04.005
Yoon, J., & Lee, J. (2019). Adaptive reuse of apartments as heritage assets in the seoul station urban regeneration area. Sustainability, 11(11), 3124. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11113124
Yung, E. H. K., Zhang, Q., Chan, E. H. W. (2017). Underlying social factors for evaluating heritage conservation in urban renewal districts. Habitat International, 66, 135–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2017.06.004
Yung, E. K., Conejos, S., Chan, E. H. W. (2016). Social needs of the elderly and active aging in public open spaces in urban renewal. Cities, 52, 114–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2015.11.022
Zadeh, L. (1965). Fuzzy sets. Information and Control, 8(3), 338–353. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0019-9958(65)90241-X
Zeng, C., Song, Y., He, Q., & Shen, F. (2018). Spatially explicit assessment on urban vitality: Case studies in Chicago and Wuhan. Sustainable Cities and Society, 40, 296–306.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2018.04.021
Zheng, H. W., Shen, Q. G., & Wang, H. (2014). A review of recent studies on sustainable urban renewal. Habitat International, 41, 272–279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2013.08.006
Zumelzu, A. (2019). Urban Renewal. In A. Orum (Ed.). The Wiley-Blackwell encyclopedia of urban and regional studies (Vol. 5, pp. 2506–2514). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118568446.eurs0391
Zumelzu, A., & Barrientos-Trinanes, M. (2019). Analysis of the effects of urban form on neighborhood vitality: five cases in Valdivia, Southern Chile. Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, 34(3), 897–925. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10901-019-09694-8