Experimental study on bearing resistance of short displacement pile groups in dense sands
Abstract
The prediction of the behavior of structures interacting with soil is one of the main challenges in structural design. Accurate evaluation of soil–structure interaction ensures a rational design solution for the superstructure and foundation of a building. In structural analysis, one of the key problems is the identification of relevant movements of the foundation considering the interaction between the superstructure, foundation and ground (the soil mass around the foundation). The correct assessment of soil–structure interaction contributes to the rational constructional design of the superstructure and foundation and allows avoiding violations of requirements for ultimate and serviceability limit states possible due to unpredicted additional stress on the structural system. Resistance predictions for pile group foundations is a complex problem, which may be the reason for scattered and insufficient information available despite numerous experimental and numerical studies, predominated by the focus on partial empirical relationships. This experimental study analyzed the prototype of a short displacement pile group with a flexible pile cap in terms of the bearing capacity and deformation behavior while subjected to static axial vertical load. In particular, attention was given to the resistance–stiffness evolution of single piles acting in a pile group with different spacing. Test results of short displacement pile groups were used to verify known models for the bearing resistance prediction of the pile group.
Keyword : displacement pile group, resistance, stiffness, spacing, sand, static vertical compressive load, density
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
Ai, Z. Y., & Yue, Z. Q. (2009). Elastic analysis of axially loaded single pile in multilayered soils. International Journal of Engineering Science, 47(11-12), 1079-1088. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijengsci.2008.07.005
Al-Mhaidib, A. I. (2006). Experimental investigation of the behaviour of pile groups in sand under different loading rates. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 24, 889-902. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-005-7466-8
Bhasi, A., Rajagopal, K., & Reddy, V. (2010). Finite element study of the influence of pile jetting on load capacity of adjacent piles. International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 4(3), 361-370. https://doi.org/10.3328/IJGE.2010.04.03.361-370
Broms, B. B. (1981). Pre-cast piling practice. Thomas Telford.
Chalmovsky, J., Stefanak, J., Mica, L., Kala, Z., Skuodis, S., Norkus, A., & Zilioniene, D. (2017). Statistical-numerical analysis for pullout tests of ground anchors. The Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering, 12(3), 145-153. https://doi.org/10.3846/bjrbe.2017.17
Choi, Y. S., Lee, J., Prezzi, M., & Salgado, R. (2017). Response of pile groups driven in sand subjected to combined loads. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 35(4), 1587-1604. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-017-0194-z
Comodromos, E. M., Anagnostopoulos, C. T., & Georgiadis, M. K. (2003). Numerical assessment of axial pile group response based on load test. Computers and Geotechnics, 30(6), 505-515. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0266-352X(03)00017-X
European Committee for Standardization (CEN). (2004). Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design – Part 1: General rules (EN 19971:2004).
Fleming, K., Weltman, A., Randolph, M., & Elson, K. (2009). Piling engineering. Abingdon: Taylor & Francis.
Gogoi, N., Sanandam, B., & Binu, S. (2014). A model study of micropile group efficiency under axial loading condition. International Journal of Civil Engineering Research, 5(4), 323-332.
Gowthaman, S., & Nasvi, M. C. M. (2018). Three-dimensional numerical simulation and validation of load-settlement behaviour of a pile group under compressive loading. Engineer: Journal of the Institution of Engineers, 51(1), 9-21. https://doi.org/10.4038/engineer.v51i1.7283
International Organization for Standardization (ISO). (2018). Geotechnical investigation and testing – Testing of geotechnical structures – Part 1: Pile load test by static axially loaded compression (ISO 22477-1).
Ju, J. (2013). Prediction of the settlement for the vertically loaded pile group using 3D finite element analyses. Marine Geo- Resources & Geotechnology, 33(3), 264-271. https://doi.org/10.1080/1064119X.2013.869285
Kala, Z., & Vales, J. (2017). Sensitivity assessment and lateraltorsional buckling design of I-beams using solid finite elements. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 139, 110-122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2017.09.014
Kishida, H. (1964). The bearing capacity of pile groups under central and eccentric loads in sands (Report No. 19). Building research institute, Ministry of construction, Japanese Government.
Krasinski, A., & Kusio, T. (2014). Comparative model tests of SDP and CFA pile groups in non-cohesive soil. Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica, 36(4), 7-11. https://doi.org/10.2478/sgem-2014-0031
Mandolini, A., & Viggiani, C. (1997). Settlement of piled foundations. Géotechnique, 47(3), 791-816. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1997.47.4.791
Martinkus, V., Norkus, A., Statkus, T., & Zilioniene, D. (2014). Experimental investigation of stresses in sand during the installation and loading of the short displacement pile. The Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering, 9(1), 10-16. https://doi.org/10.3846/bjrbe.2014.02
McCabe, B. A., & Lehane, B. M. (2006). Behaviour of axially loaded pile groups driven in clayey silt. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 132(3), 401-410. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2006)132:3(401)
Mylonakis, G., & Gazetas, G. (1998). Settlement and additional internal forces of grouped piles in layered soil. Geotechnique, 8(1), 55-72. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1998.48.1.55
Poulos, H. G. (1968). Analysis of the settlement of pile groups. Geotechnical Journal, 4, 449-471. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1968.18.4.449
Randolph, M. F. (2003). Science and empiricism in pile foundation design. Geotechnique, 53(10), 847-875. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.2003.53.10.847
Randolph, M. F., & Wroth, C. P. (1979). An analysis of the vertical deformation of pile groups. Geotechnique, 29(4), 423-439. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1979.29.4.423
Randolph, M. F., Dolwin, J., & Beck, R. (1994). Design of driven piles in sand. Geotechnique, 44(3), 427-448. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1994.44.3.427
Said, I., De Gennaro, V., & Frank, R. (2009). Axisymmetric finite element analysis of pile loading tests. Computers and Geotechnics, 36(1), 6-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2008.02.011
Sales, M. M., Prezzi, M., Salgado, R., Choi, Y. S., & Lee, J. (2017). Load-settlement behaviour of model pile groups in sand under vertical load. Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 23(8), 1148-1163. https://doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2017.1396559
Sharma, B., Sushanta, S., & Zakir, H. (2019). A study of parameters influencing efficiency of micropile groups. In Ground Improvement Techniques and Geosynthetics (pp. 11-18). Singapore: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0559-7_2
Sheng, E., Dieter, E. K., & Wriggers, P. (2005). Finite element analysis of pile installation using large-slip frictional contact. Computers & Geotechnics, 32(1), 17-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2004.10.004
Stefanak, J., Kala, Z., Mica, L., & Norkus, A. (2018). Global sensitivity analysis for transformation of Hoek-Brown failure criterion for rock mass. Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 24(5), 390-398. https://doi.org/10.3846/jcem.2018.5194
Tejchman, A. F. (1973). Model investigation of pile group in sand. Journal of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Division, 2, 99-215.
Terzaghi, K. (1943). Theoretical soil mechanics. London: John Wiley and Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470172766
Tuan, P. A. (2016). A simplified formular for analysis group efficiency of piles in granular soil. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, 7(7), 15-21.
Vesic, A. S. (1967). Ultimate loads and settlements of deep foundations in sand. In Proceedings of Symposium held at Duke University (pp. 53-68).
Vesic, A. S. (1968). Experiments with instrumented pile group in sand. In Proceedings of Seventy First Annual Symposium in Performances of Deep Foundations (pp. 177-222). https://doi.org/10.1520/STP47286S
Vesic, A. S. (1975). Principles of pile foundation design. Durham: Duke University.
Viggianni, C., Mandolini, A., & Russo, G. (2012). Pile and pile foundations. London & New York: Tailor & Francis. https://doi.org/10.1201/b17768
Yetginer, A. G., White, D. J., & Bolton, M. D. (2006). Field measurements of the stiffness of jacked piles and pile groups. Geotechnique, 56(5), 349-354. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.2006.56.5.349
Zhang, Q.-q., Zhang, S.-m., Liang, F.-y., Zhang, Q., & Xu, F. (2015). Some observations of the influence factors on the response of pile groups. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 19(6), 1667-1674. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-014-1550-7