Linking the government expenditures to the achievement of the Europe 2020 strategy indicators. Evidence from Central and Eastern European Countries
Abstract
In order to evaluate the degree of sustainable development at CEEC (Central and Eastern European Countries) by means of an aggregate indicator and to determine if the government expenditures in the field of environment, environment protection, fuel, energy, education and social protection could influence the achievement of the Europa 2020 targets, a data panel of 10 CEEC for 2007–2018 period was analysed through Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) method and a Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). To calculate the indicator, an algorithm that included six steps was used. The results of the study show, on long-term, statistically significant correlations between the target indicator and all the selected variables, except for the government expenditures with the education variable. However, on short-term, there were identified strong connections reflected in bidirectional causality between government expenditures with social protection and the target indicator. Also, on short-term, a strong causal relationship was identified from target indicator to the total government expenditures for education, from the environmental protection government expenditures to the government expenditures for social protection and from the total government expenditures for social protection to the total government expenditures for education.
First published online 17 March 2022
Keyword : research and development, climate change and energy, education, poverty and social exclusion, target indicator
How to Cite
Bădîrcea, R. M., Manta, A. G., (Florea) Doran, N. M., & Manta, F. L. (2022). Linking the government expenditures to the achievement of the Europe 2020 strategy indicators. Evidence from Central and Eastern European Countries. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 28(3), 694–715. https://doi.org/10.3846/tede.2022.16526
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
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Hege, E., Brimont, L., & Pagnon, F. (2019). Sustainable development goals and indicators: Can they be tools to make national budgets more sus-tainable? Public Sector Economics, 43(4), 423–444. https://doi.org/10.3326/pse.43.4.5
Hoang, N. T. (2006). New tests for cointegration in heterogeneous panels (Working Paper No. 06-09). Center for Economic Analysis.
Iacobuta, A. O., Mursa, G. C., Mihai, C., Cautisanu, C., & Cismas, L. M. (2019). Institutions and sustainable development: A cross-country analysis. Transformations in Business & Economics, 18(2A), 628–647. http://www.transformations.knf.vu.lt/47a/article/inst
Iniestroy, I., Hege, E., Dirth, E., & Zondervan, R. (2019). Europe’s approach to implementing the Sustainable Development Goals. European Parliament, Directorate-General for External Policies. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank/en/document.html?reference=EXPO_STU(2019)603473
Ionescu, Gh., Firoiu, D., Tănasie, A., Sorin, T., Pîrvu, R., & Manta, A. (2020). Assessing the achievement of the SDG targets for health and well-being at EU level by 2030. Sustainability, 12(14), 5829. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12145829
Kao, C. (1999). Spurious regression and residual-based tests for cointegration in panel data. Journal of Econometrics, 90(1), 1–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4076(98)00023-2
Lee, J., C., Won, Y., J., & Jei, S. Y. (2019). Study of the relationship between government expenditures and economic growth for China and Korea. Sustainability, 11(22), 6344. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11226344
Levin, A., Lin, C. F., & Chu, C. (2002). Unit root tests in panel data: Asymptotic and finite-sample properties. Journal of Econometrics, 108(1), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4076(01)00098-7
Manta, A. G., Florea, N. M., Badîrcea, R. M., Popescu, J., Cîrciumaru, D., & Doran, M. D. (2020). The nexus between carbon emissions, energy use, economic growth and financial development: Evidence from Central and Eastern European countries. Sustainability, 12(18), 7747. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12187747
Mathai, K., Duenwald, C., Guscina, A., Al-Farah, R., Bukhari, H., Chaudry, A., El-Said, M., Fareed, F., Gerling, K., Le, N.-P., Ricka, F., Serra, C., Sydorenko, T., Walker, S., & Zaher, M. (2020). Social spending for inclusive growth in the Middle East and Central Asia (Departmental Paper No. 2020/012).
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Noja, G. G., Cristea, M., Sirghi, N., Hategan, C.-D., & D’Anselmi, P. (2019). Promoting good public governance and environmental support for sustainable economic development. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(24), 4940. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16244940
Noja, G. G., Cristea, M., Thalassinos, E., & Kadłubek, M. (2021). Interlinkages between government resources management, environmental sup-port, and good public governance. Advanced Insights from the European Union. Resources, 10(5), 41. https://doi.org/10.3390/resources10050041
OECD. (2014). OECD environment indicators. Development, measurement and use. Paris. http://www.oecd.org/environment/indicators-modelling-outlooks/24993546.pdf
Ortiz, I., Cummins, M., & Karunanethy, M. (2017). Fiscal space for social protection and the SDGs: Options to expand social investments in 187 countries (ESS Working Paper No. 48). International Labour Office, Geneva. https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_protect/---soc_sec/documents/publication/wcms_383871.pdf
Osuji, E., & Nwani, S. E. (2020). Achieving sustainable development goals: Does government expenditure framework matter? International Journal of Management, Economics and Social Sciences, 9(3), 131–160. https://doi.org/10.32327/IJMESS/9.3.2020.8
Palevičienė, A., & Dumčiuvienė, D. (2015). Socio-economic diversity of European regions: Finding the impact for regional performance. Procedia Economics and Finance, 23, 1096–1101. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(15)00431-1
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