Share:


The role of double-loop learning in manufacturing supply chains. The study of the disruptions driven by COVID-19 in Poland

    Marzena Frankowska   Affiliation
    ; Artur Swierczek Affiliation
    ; Katarzyna Cheba   Affiliation

Abstract

A global pandemic of coronavirus COVID-19 affects the manufacturing supply chains significantly. This study aims to identify and evaluate the reaction of manufacturing supply chains in using the concept of double-loop learning to mitigate the disruptions induced by COVID-19 at the early stage of pandemic. A two-stage research process has been developed that firstly involves determining the learning pattern of enterprises in industrial supply chains and identifying actions taken. Then, the relationship between taking actions in the field of double-loop learning in the manufacturing supply chains and expecting a change in their market situation, and having knowledge in the field of adaptation to changes caused by the COVID-19 pandemic was examined. The study shows that there is a high level of caution in taking proactive measures in supply chains and a lack of knowledge in the field of adapting industrial supply chains to sudden disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.


First published online 01 December 2022 

Keyword : manufacturing supply chain, organizational learning, double-loop learning, disruptions, COVID-19, taxonomic analysis

How to Cite
Frankowska, M., Swierczek, A., & Cheba, K. (2023). The role of double-loop learning in manufacturing supply chains. The study of the disruptions driven by COVID-19 in Poland. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 29(1), 253–277. https://doi.org/10.3846/tede.2022.17799
Published in Issue
Jan 20, 2023
Abstract Views
801
PDF Downloads
653
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

References

Adobor, H., & McMullen, R. S. (2018). Supply chain resilience: A dynamic and multidimensional approach. International Journal of Logistics Management, 29(4), 1451–1471. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLM-04-2017-0093

Argyris, C. (1990). Overcoming organizational defenses: Facilitating organizational learning. Allyn and Bacon.

Argyris, C. (2003). A life full of learning, Organization Studies, 24(7), 1178–1193. https://doi.org/10.1177/01708406030247009

Argyris, C. (2004). Double-loop learning and implementable validity. In H. Tsoukas & N. Mylonopoulos (Eds.), Organizations as knowledge systems (pp. 29–45). Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230524545_2

Argyris, C., & Schön, D. (1978). Organizational learning: A theory of action perspective. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA.

Argyris, C., & Schön, D. A. (1996). Organizational learning II: Theory, method, and practice. Addison-Wesley.

Bagodi, V., & Mahanty, B. (2013). Double loop learning in the Indian two‐wheeler service sector. The Learning Organization, 20(4/5), 264–278. https://doi.org/10.1108/TLO-04-2012-0029

Barlow, J., & Jashapara, A. (1998). Organisational learning and inter-firm “partnering” in the UK construction industry. Learning Organization, 5(2), 86–98. https://doi.org/10.1108/09696479810212051

Beckett, R., & Murray, P. (2000). Learning by auditing: A knowledge creating approach. TQM Magazine, 12(2), 125–136. https://doi.org/10.1108/09544780010318389

Ben Yahia, W., Ayadi, O., & Masmoudi, F. (2017). A fuzzy-based negotiation approach for collaborative planning in manufacturing supply chains. Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, 28(8), 1987–2006. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10845-015-1085-x

Bessant, J., Kaplinsky, R., & Lamming, R. (2003). Putting supply chain learning into practice. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 23(2), 167–184. https://doi.org/10.1108/01443570310458438

Biotto, M., De Toni, A. F., & Nonino, F. (2012). Knowledge and cultural diffusion along the supply chain as drivers of product quality improvement: The illycaffe case study. International Journal of Logistics Management, 23(2), 212–237. https://doi.org/10.1108/09574091211265369

Blaschke, L. M. (2012). Heutagogy and lifelong learning: A review of heutagogical practice and self-determined learning. International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 13(1), 56–71. https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v13i1.1076

Carless, D. (2019). Feedback loops and the longer-term: Towards feedback spirals. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 44(5), 705–714. https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2018.1531108

Chaston, I., Badger, B., & Sadler-Smith, E. (2001). Organizational learning: An empirical assessment of process in small UK manufacturing firms. Journal of Small Business Management, 39(2), 139–151. https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-627X.00013

Cheba, K. (2019). Sustainable international competitiveness of EU countries. Theoretical and empirical study. CeDeWu, Warszawa (in Polish).

Cheba, K., Bąk, I., & Szopik-Depczyńska, K. (2020). Sustainable competitiveness as a new economic category – definition and measurement assessment. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 26(6), 1399–1421. https://doi.org/10.3846/tede.2020.13528

Cheema-Fox, A., LaPerla, B. R., Serafeim, G., & Wang, H. S. (2020). Corporate resilience and response during COVID-19. SSRN. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3578167

Chen, H. Y., Das, A., & Ivanov, D. (2019). Building resilience and managing post-disruption supply chain recovery: Lessons from the information and communication technology industry. International Journal of Information Management, 49, 330–342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2019.06.002

Choi, T. M. (2020). Innovative “bring-service-near-your-home” operations under Corona-virus (COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2) outbreak: Can logistics become the messiah? Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 140, 101961. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2020.101961

Chopra, S., & Sodhi, M. S. (2004). Managing Risk to avoid supply-chain break down. MIT Sloan Management Review, 46(1), 53–61.

Choularton, R. (2001). Complex learning: Organizational learning from disasters. Safety Science, 39(1–2),

61–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-7535(01)00026-1

Chowdhury, P., Paul, S. K., Kaisar, S., & Moktadir, M. A. (2021). COVID-19 pandemic related supply chain studies: A systematic review. Transportation Research. Part E, Logistics and Transportation Review, 148, 102271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2021.102271

Coghlan, D., & Coughlan, P. (2015). Effecting change and learning in networks through network action learning. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 51(3), 375–400. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021886314540210

Craighead, C. W., Blackhurst, J., Rungtusanatham, M. J., & Handfield, R. B. (2007). The severity of supply chain disruptions: Design characteristics and mitigation capabilities. Decision Sciences, 38(1), 131–156. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5915.2007.00151.x

Craighead, C. W., Ketchen D. J., & Darby, J. L. (2020). Pandemics and supply chain management research: Toward atheoretical toolbox. Decision Sciences, 51(4), 838–866. https://doi.org/10.1111/deci.12468

Do, Q., Mishra, N., Wulandhari, N. B. I., Ramudhin, A., Sivarajah, U., & Milligan, G. (2021). Supply chain agility responding to unprecedented changes: Empirical evidence from the UK food supply chain during COVID-19 crisis. Supply Chain Management, 26(6), 737–752. https://doi.org/10.1108/SCM-09-2020-0470

Dun & Bradstreet. (2020). Business impact of the coronavirus (Special briefing, pp. 1–10). https://www.dnb.com/content/dam/english/economic-and-industry-insight/DNB_Business_Impact_of_the_Coronavirus_US.pdf

Dunlop, C. A. (2010). The temporal dimension of knowledge and the limits of policy appraisal: Biofuels policy in the UK. Policy Science, 43, 343–363. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11077-009-9101-7

Elluru, S., Gupta, H., Kaur, H., & Singh, S. P. (2019). Proactive and reactive models for disaster resilient supply chain. Annals of Operations Research, 283, 199–224. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-017-2681-2

Fasan, M., Soerger Zaro, E., Soerger Zaro, C., Porco, B., & Tiscini, R. (2021). An empirical analysis: Did green supply chain management alleviate the effects of COVID-19? Business Strategy and the Environment, 30(5), 2702–2712. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2772

Fischer, T. B., Kidd, S., Jha-Thakur, U., Gazzola, P., & Peel, D. (2009). Learning through EC directive based SEA in spatial planning? Evidence from the Brunswick Region in Germany. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 29(6), 421–428. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2009.03.001

Flint, D. J., Larsson, E., Gammelgaard, B., & Mentzer, J. T. (2005). Logistics innovation: A customer value-oriented social process. Journal of Business Logistics, 26(1), 113–147. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2158-1592.2005.tb00196.x

Fontaine, R., Oziev, G., & Hassan-Hussein, H. (2012). Evaluating Chris Argyris’s ideas: An Islamic perspective. Journal of Management Development, 31(10), 1046–1057. https://doi.org/10.1108/02621711211281834

Frankowska, M. (2018). Współpraca przedsiębiorstw w klastrowych łańcuchach dostaw [Cooperation of enterprises in cluster supply chains]. CeDeWu, Warszawa (in Polish).

Fulmer, R. M., & Keys, J. B. (2004). A conversation with Chris Argyris: The father of organizational learning. In K. Starkey, S. Tempest, & A. McKinlay (Eds.), How organizations learn: Managing the search for knowledge (2nd ed.). Thomson Learning.

Goldsby, T. J., & García‐Dastugue, S. J. (2003). The manufacturing flow management process. International Journal of Logistics Management, 14(2), 33–52. https://doi.org/10.1108/09574090310806585

Golgeci, I., & Arslan, A. (2014). Internationalization of emerging economy firms to developed economies: A discussion on institutional pressures and marketing and supply chain capabilities. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 22(7), 587–602. https://doi.org/10.1080/0965254X.2014.914060

Gottlieb, J. Z., & Sanzgiri, J. (1996). Towards an ethical dimension of decision making in organizations. Journal of Business Ethics, 15(12), 1275–1285. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00411813

Govindan, K., Mina, H., & Alavi, B. (2020). A decision support system for demand management in healthcare supply chains considering the epidemic outbreaks: A case study of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Transportation Research Part E, Logistics and Transportation Review, 138, 101967. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2020.101967

Guo, B. H. W., & Yiu, T. W. (2016). Developing leading indicators to monitor the safety conditions of construction projects. Journal of Management in Engineering, 32(1). https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000376

Hayes, J., & Allinson, C. W. (1998). Cognitive style and the theory and practice of individual and collective learning in organizations. Human Relations, 51(7), 847–871. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016978926688

Hellwig, Z. (1968). Zastosowanie metody taksonomicznej do typologicznego podziału krajów ze względu na poziom ich rozwoju oraz zasoby i strukturę wykwalifikowanych kadr [Application of the taxonomic method to the typological division of countries by level of their development as well as resources and structure of qualified personnel]. Przegląd Statystyczny, 15(4), 307–327.

Henderson, S. (1997). Black swans don’t fly double loops: The limits of the learning organization? Learning Organization, 4(3), 99–105. https://doi.org/10.1108/09696479710182777

Heracleous, L. (1998). Strategic thinking or strategic planning? Long Range Planning, 31(3), 481–487. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-6301(98)80015-0

Hobbs, J. E. (2020). Food supply chains during the COVID-19 pandemic. Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics, 68(2), 171–176. https://doi.org/10.1111/cjag.12237

Hovlid, E., Bukve, O., Haug, K., Aslaksen, A. B., & von Plessen, C. (2012). Sustainability of healthcare improvement: What can we learn from learning theory? BMC Health Services Research, 12, 235. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-12-235

Huang, S. H., Uppal, M., & Shi, J. (2002). A product driven approach to manufacturing supply chain selection. Supply Chain Management, 7(4), 189–199. https://doi.org/10.1108/13598540210438935

Huang, Y. T., & Chu, W. (2010). Enhancement of product development capabilities of OEM suppliers: Inter- and intraorganisational learning. Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing, 25(2), 147–158. https://doi.org/10.1108/08858621011017769

Hwang, G. J., & Wang, S. Y. (2016). Single loop or double loop learning: English vocabulary learning performance and behavior of students in situated computer games with different guiding strategies. Computers & Education, 102, 188–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2016.07.005

Inman, A., Winter, M., Wheeler, R., Vrain, E., Lovett, A., Collin, A., Jones, I., Johnes, P., & Cleasby, W. (2018). An exploration of individual, social and material factors influencing water pollution mitigation behaviours within the farming community. Land Use Policy, 70, 16–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.09.042

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (2012). Managing the risks of extreme events and disasters to advance climate change adaptation: A special report of working groups I and II of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. IPCC. Cambridge University Press.

Ivanov, D. (2020). Predicting the impacts of epidemic outbreaks on global supply chains: A simulation based analysis on the coronavirus outbreak (COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2) case. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 136, 101922. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2020.101922

Ivanov, D., & Dolgui, A. (2020). Viability of intertwined supply networks: Extending the supply chain resilience angles towards survivability. A position paper motivated by COVID-19 outbreak. International Journal of Production Research, 58(10), 2904–2915. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2020.1750727

Jaaron, A. A. M., Pham, D. T., & Cogonon, M. E. (2021). Systems thinking to facilitate double loop learning in tourism industry: A COVID-19 response strategy. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2021.1948554

Johannessen, A., & Hahn, T. (2013). Social learning towards a more adaptive paradigm? Reducing flood risk in Kristianstad municipality, Sweden. Global Environmental Change-Human and Policy Dimensions, 23(1), 372–381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2012.07.009

Kim, D. H. (1993). The link between individual and organizational learning. Sloan Management Review, 35(1), 37–50.

Kisperska-Moron, D., & Swierczek, A. (2011). The selected determinants of manufacturing postponement within supply chain context: An international study. International Journal of Production Economics, 133(1), 192–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2010.09.018

Knemeyer, A. M., Zinn, W., & Eroglu, C. (2009). Proactive planning for catastrophic events in supply chains. Perspectives on Risk Management in Supply Chains, 27(2), 141–153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jom.2008.06.002

Kreibich, H., Seifert, I., Thieken, A. H., Lindquist, E., Wagner, K., & Merz, B. (2011). Recent changes in flood preparedness of private households and businesses in Germany. Regional Environmental Change, 11(1), 59–71. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-010-0119-3

Kukuła, K. (2000). Metoda unitaryzacji zerowanej [The zero-unitarization method]. Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.

Kululanga, G. K., Mccaffer, R., Price, A. D. F., & Edum-Fotwe, F. (1999). Learning mechanisms employed by construction contractors. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 125(4), 215–223. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(1999)125:4(215)

Kwak, D., Seo, Y., & Mason, R. (2018). Investigating the relationship between supply chain innovation, risk management capabilities and competitive advantage in global supply chains. International Journal of Operations and Production Management, 38(1), 2–21. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOPM-06-2015-0390

Ladi, S., & Tsarouhas, D. (2020). EU economic governance and Covid-19: Policy learning and windows of opportunity. Journal of European Integration, 42(8), 1041–1056. https://doi.org/10.1080/07036337.2020.1852231

Lagadec, P. (1997). Learning processes for crisis management in complex organizations. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 5(1), 24–31. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5973.00034

Lin, Q., Zhao, S., Gao, D., Lou, Y., Yang, S., Musa, S. S., Wang, M. H., Cai, Y., Wang, W., Yang, L., & He, D. (2020). A conceptual model for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in Wuhan, China with individual reaction and governmental action. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 93, 211–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.02.058

Linton, T., & Vakil, B. (2020, March). Coronavirus is proving that we need more resilient supply chains. Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/2020/03/coronavirus-is-proving-that-we-need-more-resilient-supply-chains

Magableh, G. M. (2021). Supply chains and the COVID‐19 pandemic: A comprehensive framework. European Management Review, 18(3), 363–382. https://doi.org/10.1111/emre.12449

Majumdar, A., Sanjib, M., & Sinha, K. (2020). COVID-19 debunks the myth of socially sustainable supply chain: A case of the clothing industry in South Asian countries. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 24, 150–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2020.07.001

March, J. E. (1991). Exploration and exploitation in organizational learning. Organizational Science, 2(1), 71–87. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2.1.71

Marusak, A., Sadeghiamirshahidi, N., Krejci, C. C., Mittal, A., Beckwith, S., Cantu, J., Morris, M., & Grimm, J. (2021). Resilient regional food supply chains and rethinking the way forward: Key takeaways from the COVID-19 pandemic. Agricultural Systems, 190(C), 103101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2021.103101

Mazutis, D., & Slawinski, N. (2008). Leading organizational learning through authentic dialogue. Management Learning, 39(4), 437–456. https://doi.org/10.1177/1350507608093713

McAvoy, J., & Butler, T. (2009). A failure to learn in a software development team: The unsuccessful introduction of an agile method. In W. Wojtkowski, G. Wojtkowski, M. Lang, K. Conboy, & C. Barry (Eds.), Information systems development: Challenges in practice, Theory and Education (pp. 1–13). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-68772-8_1

McCann, C., Asenova, D., & Bailey, S. J. (2014). Organisational risk-learning: A case study of social care capital projects in Scottish local authorities. Journal of Risk and Governance, 3(1), 1–21.

McCrea, B. (2020). Measuring COVID-19’s impact on the world’s supply chains. SourceToday. https://www.sourcetoday.com/supply-chain-trends/article/21126824/ measuring-covid19s-impact-on-the-worlds-supply-chains

Mellat-Parast, M., & Digman, L. A. (2008). Learning: the interface of quality management and strategic alliances. International Journal of Production Economics, 114(2), 820–829. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2008.04.003

Mentzer, J. T., De Witt, W., Keebler, J. S., Min, S., Nix, N. W., Smith, C. D., & Zacharia, Z. G. (2001). Defining supply chain management. Journal of Business Logistics, 22(2), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2158-1592.2001.tb00001.x

Meyer, A., Walter, W., & Seuring, S. (2021). The impact of the coronavirus pandemic on supply chains and their sustainability: A text mining approach. Frontiers in Sustainability, 2, 631182. https://doi.org/10.3389/frsus.2021.631182

Nordhagen, S., Igbeka, U., Rowlands, H., Shine, R. S., Heneghan, E., & Tench, J. (2021). COVID-19 and small enterprises in the food supply chain: Early impacts and implications for longer-term food system resilience in low- and middle-income countries. World Development, 141(C), 105405. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2021.105405

Norrman, A., & Jansson, U. (2004). Ericsson’s proactive supply chain risk management approach after a serious sub-supplier accident. International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management, 34(5), 434–456. https://doi.org/10.1108/09600030410545463

Ogulin, R., Guzman, G., & Nuwangi, S. M. (2020). Knowledge capabilities in supply chain networks: A taxonomy. Journal of Knowledge Management, 24(3), 655–674. https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-06-2019-0266

Paul, S. K., & Chowdhury, P. (2020). A production recovery plan in manufacturing supply chains for a high-demand item during COVID-19. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 51(2), 104–125. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPDLM-04-2020-0127

Paul, S. K., Moktadir, M. A., & Ahsan, K. (2021). Key supply chain strategies for the post-COVID-19 era: Implications for resilience and sustainability. The International Journal of Logistics Management, Vol. ahead-of-print No. ahead-of-print. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLM-04-2021-0238

Pittaway, L., & Thorpe, R. (2012). A framework for entrepreneurial learning: A tribute to Jason Cope. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 24(9–10), 837–859. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2012.694268

Pournader, M., Kach, A., & Talluri, S. (2020). A review of the existing and emerging topics in supply chain risk management literature. Decision Sciences, 51(4), 867–919. https://doi.org/10.1111/deci.12470

Queiroz, M. M., Ivanov, D., Dolgui, A., & Fosso Wamba, S. (2020). Impacts of epidemic outbreaks on supply chains: Mapping a research agenda amid the COVID-19 pandemic through a structured literature review. Annals of Operations Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-020-03685-7

Ramish, A., & Aslam, H. (2016). Measuring supply chain knowledge management (SCKM) performance based on double/triple loop learning principle. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 65(5), 704–722. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-01-2015-0003

Reason, J. T., Carthey, J., & de Leval, M. R. (2001). Diagnosing vulnerable system syndrome: An essential prerequisite to effective risk management. Quality in Health Care, 10(Suppl. 2), 21–25. https://doi.org/10.1136/qhc.0100021

Rice, J., & Caniato, F. (2003). Building a secure and resilient supply network. Supply Chain Management Review, 7(5), 22–30.

Romme, A. G. L., & van Witteloostuijn, A. (1999). Circular organizing and triple loop learning. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 12(5), 439–453. https://doi.org/10.1108/09534819910289110

Rowan, N. J., & Laffey J. G. (2020). Challenges and solutions for addressing critical shortage of supply chain for personal and protective equipment (PPE) arising from coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic – Case study from the Republic of Ireland. Science of the Total Environment, 725, 138532. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138532

Ruhl, J. B. (2011). General design principles for reliance and adaptive capacity in legal systems-with applications to climate change adaptation. North Carolina Law Review, 89(5), 1373–1401.

Sarkis, J., Cohen, M. J., Dewick, P., & Schröder, P. (2020). A brave new world: Lessons from the

COVID-19 pandemic for transitioning to sustainable supply and production. Resources, Conservation, and Recycling, 159, 104894. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.104894

Scribner, J. P., Cockrell, K. S., Cockrell, D. H., & Valentine, J. W. (1999). Creating professional communities in schools through organizational learning: An evaluation of a school improvement process. Educational Administration Quarterly, 35(1), 130–160. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X99351007

Senge, P. (1990). The fifth discipline, the art of practice of the learning organization. Random House.

Sheffi, Y. (2001). Supply chain management under the threat of international terrorism. International Journal of Logistics Management, 12(2), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1108/09574090110806262

Sheffi, Y., & Rice, J. B. Jr (2005). A supply chain view of the resilient enterprise. MIT Sloan Management Review, 47(1), 41–48.

Silvestre, B. S. (2015). Sustainable supply chain management in emerging economies: Environmental turbulence, institutional voids and sustainability trajectories. International Journal of Production Economics, 167, 156–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2015.05.025

Simon, H. A. (1991). Models of my life. Basic Books.

Skipper, J. B., & Hanna, J. B. (2009). Minimizing supply chain disruption risk through enhanced flexibility. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 39(5), 404–427. https://doi.org/10.1108/09600030910973742

Smith, E. (2020, February 17). Coronavirus could impact 5 million companies worldwide, new research. CNBC. https://www.cnbc.com/2020/02/17/coronavirus-could-impact-5-million-companies-worldwide-research-shows.html

Soler M. E., & Bassetto, S. (2008). Analyse des risques de la chaine d’approvisionnements. Supply Chain, Janvier.

Soltani, E., Liao, Y., & Wang, W. (2011). A learning organisation approach to managing service quality. In Proceedings of International Joint Conference on Service Sciences (pp. 89–91). Taipei, Taiwan. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5960272

Staal, A. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 on procurement and supply chains – a way forward for New Zealand? (pp. 1–5). Auckland University of Technology. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.33279.97448

Stacey, R. (1993). Strategic thinking and the management of change: International perspectives on organisational dynamics. Kogan Page.

Stacey, R. (1996). Complexity and creativity in organizations. Berrett-Koehler Publishers.

Stavropoulou, C., Doherty, C., & Tosey, P. (2015). How effective are incident-reporting systems for improving patient safety? A systematic literature review. MILBANK Quarterly, 93(4), 826–866. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0009.12166

Swierczek, A. (2018). Using the third-loop learning in the identification of the adaptive behavior of resilient supply chains. Transport Economics and Logistics. Modelling of Logistics Processes and Systems, 78, 7–17. https://doi.org/10.26881/etil.2018.78.01

Theodorakopoulos, N., Ram, M., Shah, M., & Boyal, H. (2005). Experimenting with supply chain learning (SCL): Supplier diversity and ethnic minority businesses. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 1(4), 461–478. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-005-4773-8

Thomas, A., Dorrington, P., Costa, F., Loudon, G., Francis, M., & Fisher, R. (2017). Organisational learning capability in SMEs: An empirical development of innovation in the supply chain. Cogent Business and Management, 4(1), 1364057. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2017.1364057

Thomson, C., Mickovski, S., & Orr, C. (2014, September). Promoting double loop learning in flood risk management in the Scottish context. In A. Raiden & E. Aboagye-Nimo (Eds.), Proceedings 30th Annual ARCOM Conference (pp. 1185–1194). Portsmouth, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management.

Thun, J. H., Druke, M., & Hoenig, D. (2011). Managing uncertainty – an empirical analysis of supply chain risk management in small and medium-sized enterprises. International Journal of Production Research, 49(18), 5511–5525. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2011.563901

Tosey, P., Visser, M., & Saunders, M. N. K. (2012). The origins and conceptualizations of “triple-loop” learning: A critical review. Management Learning, 43(3), 291–307. https://doi.org/10.1177/1350507611426239

van Hoek, R. (2001). The rediscovery of postponement: A literature review and directions for research. Journal of Operations Management, 19(2), 161–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-6963(00)00057-7

Wong, P. S. P., Cheung, S. O., & Fan, K. L. (2009). Examining the relationship between organizational learning styles and project performance. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 135(6), 497–507. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000010

Yang, B., Burns, N. D., & Backhouse, C. J. (2004). Management of uncertainty through postponement. International Journal of Production Research, 42(6), 1049–1064. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207540310001631601

Yang, Y., Jia, F., & Xu, Z. (2019). Towards an integrated conceptual model of supply chain learning: An extended resource-based view. Supply Chain Management, 24(2), 189–214. https://doi.org/10.1108/SCM-11-2017-0359

Zhang, H.-Y., & Lv, S. (2015). Intellectual Capital and technological innovation: The mediating role of supply chain learning. International Journal of Innovation Science, 7(3), 199–210. https://doi.org/10.1260/1757-2223.7.3.199

Zioło, M., Filipiak, M. Z., Bąk, I., & Cheba, K. (2019). How to design more sustainable financial systems: The roles of environmental, social, and governance factors in the decision-making process.Sustainability, 11(20), 5604. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11205604