Share:


Effect of CSR implementation and crisis events in business on the financial management of SMEs

    Ján Dvorský Affiliation
    ; Ilona Švihlíková Affiliation
    ; Ľudmila Kozubíková Affiliation
    ; Katarína Frajtova Michalíková Affiliation
    ; Adam P. Balcerzak Affiliation

Abstract

The financial management of a business is an integral part of strategic management. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are vulnerable to the presence of crisis events in the business environment. In this context, senior managers and owners need to react promptly to emerging changes in a given business segment. The aim of the article is to quantify the effect of crisis events in business and firm’s CSR implementation in business on the financial performance in the SMEs. The empirical research incorporated 1,090 SMEs in the business environment of four Central European countries. The research hypotheses were evaluated using structural equation modelling. The empirical findings confirmed the positive impact of CSR implementation in the enterprise on its financial management. The research results did not confirm the negative effects of crisis events in business on the financial management. Crisis phenomena have direct effects on the sustainability of the enterprise; the organizational activities of the enterprise; the functioning of the enterprise in the market and the management of the enterprise. The findings are used as a basis for the preparation of strategic projects of national and international policies helping to cope with crisis phenomena in the business environment of the SME segment.

Keyword : financial management, SMEs, crisis events, corporate social responsibility, sustainability, business environment, economic growth

How to Cite
Dvorský, J., Švihlíková, I., Kozubíková, Ľudmila, Frajtova Michalíková, K., & Balcerzak, A. P. (2023). Effect of CSR implementation and crisis events in business on the financial management of SMEs. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 29(5), 1496–1519. https://doi.org/10.3846/tede.2023.19821
Published in Issue
Sep 19, 2023
Abstract Views
1075
PDF Downloads
809
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

References

Agostino, M., Gagliardi, F., & Trivieri, F. (2012). Bank competition, lending relationships and firm default risk: An investigation of Italian SMEs. International Small Business Journal, 30(8), 907–943. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242611416681

Ahmed, S., Hasan, M. M., & Kamal, M. R. (2023). Russia-Ukraine crisis: The effects on the European stock market. European Financial Management, 29(4), 1078–1118. https://doi.org/10.1111/eufm.12386

Amankwah-Amoah, J., Khan, Z., & Wood, G. (2021). COVID-19 and business failures: The paradoxes of experience, scale, and scope for theory and practice. European Management Journal, 39(2), 179–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2020.09.002

Annan-Diab, F., & Jensen, B. (2017). Customer value perception: Understanding customer response to company’s CSR initiatives. In M. Aluchna, & S. Idowu (Eds.), The dynamics of corporate social responsibility. CSR, sustainability, ethics & governance (pp. 53–70). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39089-5_4

Bahta, D., Yun, J., Islam, M. R., & Ashfaq, M. (2020). Corporate social responsibility, innovation capability and firm performance: Evidence from SME. Social Responsibility Journal, 17(6), 840–860. https://doi.org/10.1108/SRJ-12-2019-0401

Balcerzak, A. B., & MacGregor Pelikánová, R. (2020). Projection of SDGs in codes of ethics – Case study about Lost in Translation. Administrative Sciences, 10(4), 95. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci10040095

Balcerzak, A. P., MacGregor, R. K., MacGregor Pelikánová, R., Rogalska, E., & Szostek, D. (2023). The EU regulation of sustainable investment: The end of sustainability trade-offs? Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review, 11(1), 199–212. https://doi.org/10.15678/EBER.2023.110111

Barłożewski, K., & Trąpczyński, P. (2021). Is internationalisation beneficial for novice internationalisers? The performance effects of firm-specific advantages, internationalisation degree and firm size revisited. Oeconomia Copernicana, 12(1), 53–75. https://doi.org/10.24136/oc.2021.003

Bartolacci, F., Caputo, A., & Soverchia, M. (2020). Sustainability and financial performance of small and medium-sized enterprises: A bibliometric and systematic literature review. Business Strategy and the Environment, 29, 1297–1309. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2434

Baumann-Pauly, D., Wickert, C., Spence, L. J., & Scherer, A. G. (2013). Organizing corporate social responsibility in small and large firms: Size matters. Journal of Business Ethics, 115(4), 693–705. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-013-1827-7

Bawono, I., Maulina, E., Rizal, M., & Purnomo, M. (2022). The role of knowledge management capability, financial literacy, and problem-solving skills on organizational performance for SMEs. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 930742. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.930742

Belas, J., Gavurova, B., Kubak, M., & Novotna, A. (2023). Risk management level determinants in visegrad countries – sectoral analysis. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 29(1), 307–325. https://doi.org/10.3846/tede.2023.18415

Belás, J., Dvorský, J., Kubálek, J., & Smrčka, L. (2018). Important factors of financial risk in the SME segment. Journal of International Studies, 11(1), 80–92. https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-8330.2018/11-1/6

Bove, V., Elia, L., & Smith, R. P. (2016). On the heterogenous consequences of civil war. Oxford Economic Papers, 69(3), 550–568. https://doi.org/10.1093/oep/gpw050

Brown, R., Rocha, A., & Cowling, M. (2020). Financing entrepreneurship in times of crisis: Exploring the impact of COVID-19 on the market for entrepreneurial finance in the United Kingdom. International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurship, 38(5), 380–390. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242620937464

Brunelli, S., Gjergji, R., Lazzarotti, V., Sciascia, S., & Visconti, F. (2022). Effective business model adaptations in family SMEs in response to the COVID-19 crisis. Journal of Family Business Management, 13(1), 101–117. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFBM-02-2022-0020

Çera, G., Khan, K. A., Bláhová, A., & Belas, J. Jr. (2022). Do owner-manager demographics in SMEs matter for corporate social responsibility? Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy, 17(2), 511–531. https://doi.org/10.24136/eq.2022.018

Ciasullo, M. V., Montera, R., & Douglas, A. (2022). Building SMEs’ resilience in times of uncertainty: The role of big data analytics capability and co-innovation. Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy, 16(2), 203–217. https://doi.org/10.1108/TG-07-2021-0120

Civelek, M., Ključnikov, A., Fialova, V., Folvarčná, A., & Stoch, M. (2021). How innovativeness of family-owned SMEs differ depending on their characteristics? Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy, 16(2), 413–428. https://doi.org/10.24136/eq.2021.015

Colovic, A., Henneron, S., Huettinger, M., & Kazlauskaite, R. (2019). Corporate social responsibility and SMEs. European Business Review, 31(5), 785–810. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-01-2017-0022

Coppa, M., Sriramesh, K. (2013). Corporate social responsibility among SMEs in Italy. Public Relations Review, 39, 30–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2012.09.009

Fjortoft, B. E., Grimstad, S. M. F., & Glavee-Leo, R. (2020). Motivations for CSR in the Norwegian maritime cluster: Stakeholder perspectives and policy implications. Maritime Policy and Management, 47(8), 1010–1026. https://doi.org/10.1080/03088839.2020.1735654

Gallardo-Vázquez, D., & Lizcano-Álvarez, J. L. (2020). CSR-related competitiveness and legitimacy in MSMEs. Economics and Sociology, 13(1), 52–73. https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789X.2020/13-1/4.

Gelbmann, U. (2010). Establishing strategic CSR in SMEs: an Austrian CSR quality seal to substantiate the strategic CSR performance. Sustainable Development, 18, 90–98. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.448

Grimstad, S. M. F., Glavee-Geo, R., & Fjortoft, B. E. (2020). SMEs motivations for CSR: An exploratory study. European Business Review, 32(4), 553–572. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-01-2019-0014

Gupta, J., & Gregoriou, A. (2018). Impact of market-based finance on SMEs failure. Economic Modelling, 69, 13–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2017.09.004

Hair, J. F., Howard, M. C., & Nitzl, C. (2020). Assessing measurement model quality in PLS-SEM using confirmatory composite analysis. Journal of Business Research, 109, 101–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.11.069

Herbane, B. (2019). Rethinking organisational resilience and strategic renewal in SMEs. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 31(5–6), 476–495. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2018.1541594

Hetze, K. (2016). Effects on the (CSR) reputation: CSR reporting discussed in the light of signalling and stakeholder perception theories. Corporate Reputation Review, 19, 281–296. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41299-016-0002-3

Hillman, J., & Keim, D. (2001). Shareholder value, stakeholder management, and social issues: What’s the bottom line? Strategic Management Journal, 22, 125–139. 3.0.CO;2-H> https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0266(200101)22:2<125::AID-SMJ150>3.0.CO;2-H

Hoque, M. Z. (2017). Mental budgeting and the financial management of small and medium entrepreneur. Cogent Economics & Finance, 5(1), 1291474. https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2017.1291474

Hosoda, M. (2020). Management control systems and corporate social responsibility: Perspectives from a Japanese small company. Corporate Governance, 18(1), 68–80. https://doi.org/10.1108/CG-05-2017-0105

Hu, L. t., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118

Hur, W. M., Moon, T. W., & Choi, W. H. (2021). The role of job crafting and perceived organizational support in the link between employees’ CSR perceptions and job performance: A moderated mediation model. Current Psychology, 40, 3151–3165. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-019-00242-9

Chang, K. Y., Chang, W. H., & Yeh, Y. C. (2022). How to improve tour leaders and guides service performance through emotional display rules – The moderating effect of job stress. Journal of Tourism and Services, 25(13), 156–175. https://doi.org/10.29036/jots.v13i25.403

Chaudhary, R., (2017). Corporate social responsibility and employee engagement: Can CSR help in redressing the engagement gap? Social Responsibility Journal, 13(2), 323–338. https://doi.org/10.1108/SRJ-07-2016-0115

Illmeyer, M., Grosch, D., Kittler, M., & Priess, P. (2017). The impact of financial management on innovation. Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, 5(1), 58–71. https://doi.org/10.9770/jesi.2017.5.1(5)

Johnson, M. P. (2015). Sustainability management and small and mediumsized enterprises: Managers’ awareness and implementation of innovative tools. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 22, 271–285. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1343

Johnson, M. P., & Schaltegger, S. (2016). Two decades of sustainability management tools for SMEs: How far have we come? Journal of Small Business Management, 54(2), 481–505. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12154

Jones, J., & de Zubielqui, G. C. (2017). Doing well by doing good: A study of university-industry interactions, innovationess and firm performance in sustainability-oriented Australian SMEs. Technological Forecasting & Social Change, 123, 262–270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2016.07.036

Joyner, E., & Payne, D. (2002). Evolution and implementation: A study of values, business ethics and corporate social responsibility. Journal of Business Ethics, 41, 297–311. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021237420663

Karadag, H. (2017). The impact of industry, firm age and educational level on financial management performance in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Evidence from Turkey. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies, 9(3), 300–314. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEEE-09-2016-0037

Karas, M., & Režňáková, M. (2021). The role of financial constraint factors in predicting SME default. Equilibrium.Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy, 16(4), 859–883. https://doi.org/10.24136/eq.2021.032

Ključnikov, A., Civelek, M., Fialova, V., & Folvarčná, A. (2021). Organizational, local, and global innovativeness of family-owned SMEs depending on firm-individual level characteristics: Evidence from the Czech Republic. Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy, 16(1), 169–184. https://doi.org/10.24136/eq.2021.006

Ključnikov, A., Civelek, M., Krajčík, V., Novák, P., & Červinka, M. (2022). Financial performance and bankruptcy concerns of SMEs in their export decision. Oeconomia Copernicana, 13(3), 867–890. https://doi.org/10.24136/oc.2022.025

Kljucnikov, A., Sobekova-Majkova, M., Vincurova, Z., & Sarvutyte-Gailiuniene, M. (2018). The insolvency of SMEs within the perspective of the Central European region. Transformations in Business & Economics, 17(2(44)), 210–224.

Korsgaard, S., Hunt, R. A., Townsend, D. M., & Ingstrup, M. B. (2020). COVID-19 and the importance of space in entrepreneurship research and policy. International Small Business Journal, 38(8), 697–710. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242620963942

Kramarova, K., Svabova, L., & Gabrikova, B. (2022). Impacts of the COVID-19 crisis on unemployment in slovakia: A statistically created counterfactual approach using the time series analysis. Equilibrium.Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy, 17(2), 343–389. https://doi.org/10.24136/eq.2022.012

Kriemadis, A., Sainis, G., & Haritos, G. (2022). The impact of quality management systems on financial performance under crisis conditions: Evidence from SMEs. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 33(15–16), 1846–1871. https://doi.org/10.1080/14783363.2021.2005461

Lee, K. H., Herold, D. M., & Yu, A. L. (2016). Small and medium enterprises and corporate social responsibility practice: A Swedish perspective. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 23(2), 88–99. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1366

Lee-Wong, B. Y. W., & More, E. (2016). Management of corporate social responsibility in Hong Kong small and medium enterprises. Communication dimensions. Journal of Global Responsibility, 7(2), 142–162. https://doi.org/10.1108/JGR-07-2016-0018

León-Gómez, A., Santos-Jaén, J. M., Ruiz-Palomo, D., & Palacios-Manzano, M. (2022). Disentangling the impact of ICT adoption on SMEs performance: The mediating roles of corporate social responsibility and innovation. Oeconomia Copernicana, 13(3), 831–866. https://doi.org/10.24136/oc.2022.024

Li, Y., Chen, H., Wei, L., & Wei, L. (2022). COVID-19 pandemic and SMEs performance decline: The mediating role of management innovation and organizational resilience. Frontiers in Public Health, 10, 944742. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.944742

Liu, H., Kim, S. J., Wang, H., & Kim, K. H. (2020). Corporate sustainability management under market uncertainty. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 32(5), 1023–1037. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJML-03-2019-0131

Looser, S., & Wehrmeyer, W. (2016). Ethics of the firm, for the firm or in the firm? Purpose of extrinsic and intrinsic CSR in Switzerland. Social Responsibility Journal, 12(3), 545–570. https://doi.org/10.1108/SRJ-07-2015-0097

Lopez-Perez, M. E., Melero, I., & Sese, F. J. (2017). Does specific CSR training for managers impact shareholder value? Implications for educcation in sustainable development. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 24(5), 435–448. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1418

Luo, W., Zhang, C., & Li, M. (2022). The influence of corporate social responsibilities on sustainable financial performance: Mediating role of shared vision capabilities and moderating role of entrepreneurship. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 29(5), 1266–1282. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.2268

Małkowska, A., & Uhruska, M. (2022). Factors affecting SMEs growth: The case of the real estate valuation service industry. Oeconomia Copernicana, 13(1), 79–108. https://doi.org/10.24136/oc.2022.003

Mayr, S., Mitter, C., & Aichmayr, A. (2017). Corporate crisis and sustainable reorganization: Evidence from bankrupt Austrian SMEs. Journal of Small Business Management, 55(1), 108–127. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12248

Maloku, S., Çera, G., Poleshi, B., Lushi, I., & Metzker, Z. (2021). The effect of relationship quality on contract farming: The mediating role of conflict between trading partners in Albania. Economics and Sociology, 14(3), 283–296. https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789X.2021/14-3/15

Mazzarol, T. (2014). Research review: A review of the latest research in the field of small business and entrepreneurship. Small Enterprise Research, 21(1), 2–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/13215906.2014.11082073

McGuinness, G., & Hogan, T. (2016). Bank credit and trade credit: Evidence from SMEs over the financial crisis. International Small Business Journal, 34(4), 412–445. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242614558314

Metzker, Z., & Zvarikova, K. (2021). The perception of company employees by SMEs with CSR concept implementation. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Knowledge, 9(1), 81–96. https://doi.org/10.37335/ijek.v9i1.128

Miklian, J., & Hoelscher, K. (2022). SMEs and exogenous shocks: A conceptual literature review and forward research agenda. International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurship, 40(2), 178–204. https://doi.org/10.1177/02662426211050796

Nielsen, A. E., & Thomsen, C. (2009). Investigating CSR communication in SMEs: A case study among Danish middle managers. Business Ethics: A European Review, 18(1), 83–93. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8608.2009.01550.x

Oliinyk, O., Mishchuk, H., Vasa, L., & Kozma, K. (2023). Social responsibility: Opportunities for integral assessment and analysis of connections with business innovation. Sustainability, 15(6), 5608. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15065608

Park, Y., Park, Y., Hong, P. C., & Yang, S. (2017). Clarity of CSR orientation and firm performance: Case of Jananese SMEs. Benchmarking-An International Journal, 24(6), 1581–1596. https://doi.org/10.1108/BIJ-03-2016-0035

Perry, P., & Towers, N. (2009). Determining the antecedents for a strategy of corporate social responsibility by small- and medium-sized enterprises in the UK fashion apparel industry. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 16, 377–385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2009.05.003

Purnomo, B. R., Adiguna, R., Widodo, W., Suyatna, H., & Nusantoro, B. P. (2021). Entrepreneurial resilience during the Covid-19 pandemic: Navigating survival, continuity and growth. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies, 13(4), 497–524. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEEE-07-2020-0270

Rao, P., Verma, S., Rao, A. A., & Joshi, R. (2023). A conceptual framework for identifying sustainable business practices of small and medium enterprises. Benchmarking-An International Journal, 30(6), 1806–1831. https://doi.org/10.1108/BIJ-11-2021-0699

Rosińska-Bukowska, M. (2022). Evolution of corporate social responsibility standards and their implementation in the strategies of the most powerful corporations: Guidelines for the CSR 5.0 concept. International Entrepreneurship Review, 8(2), 25–35. https://doi.org/10.15678/IER.2022.0802.02

Rozsa, Z., Holubek, J., Vesela, Z., & Soboleva, O. (2022). Antecedents and barriers which drive SMEs in relation to corporate social responsibility? Literature review. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Knowledge, 10(2), 107–122. https://doi.org/10.37335/ijek.v10i2.174

Rozsa, Z., Belas, J., Jr., Khan, K. A., & Zvarikova, K. (2021). Corporate social responsibility and essential factors of personnel risk management in SMEs. Polish Journal of Management Studies, 23(2), 449–463. https://doi.org/10.17512/pjms.2021.23.2.27

Ruiz-Palomo, D., Fernández-Gámez, M. Á., & León-Gómez, A. (2022). Analyzing the effect of financial constraints on technological and management innovation in SMEs: A gender perspective. SAGE Open, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440221079925

Samoliuk, N., Bilan, Y., Mishchuk, H., & Mishchuk, V. (2022). Employer brand: Key values influencing the intention to join a company. Management & Marketing. Challenges for the Knowledge Society, 17(1), 61–72. https://doi.org/10.2478/mmcks-2022-0004

Sánchez-Marín, G., Lozano-Reina, G., & Beglaryan, M. (2022). HRM policies and SMEs performance: The moderating role of CSR orientation. Central European Business Review, 11(1), 85–110. https://doi.org/10.18267/j.cebr.279

Sardo, F., & Serrasqueiro, Z. (2022). Determinants of working capital: Empirical evidence on manufacturing SMEs. Journal of Economic Studies, 49(3), 506–521. https://doi.org/10.1108/JES-10-2020-0513

Sardo, F., Serrasqueiro, Z., Vieira, E., & Armada, M. R. (2022). Is financial distress risk important for manufacturing SMEs to rebalance the short-term debt ration? The Journal of Risk Finance, 23(5), 516–534. https://doi.org/10.1108/JRF-12-2021-0207

Saunders, M. N. K., Gray, D. E., & Goregaokar, H. (2014). SME innovation and learning: The role of networks and crisis events. European Journal of Training and Development, 38(1/2), 136–149. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJTD-07-2013-0073

Suder, M., Kusa, R., Duda, J., & Dunska, M. (2022). How small printing firms alleviate impact of pandemic crisis? Identifying configurations of successful strategies with fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis. Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review, 10(2), 61–80. https://doi.org/10.15678/EBER.2022.100204

Syrová, L., & Špička, J. (2023). Exploring the indirect links between enterprise risk management and the financial performance of SMEs. Risk Management, 25(1), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41283-022-00107-9

Syrová, L., & Špička, J. (2022). Which factors moderate and mediate the relationship between enterprise risk management and FRM performance A meta-analysis and conceptual study. European Journal of International Management, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.1504/EJIM.2022.10044223

Ślusarczyk, B., & Grondys, K. (2019). Parametric conditions of high financial risk in the SME sector. Risks, 7(84). https://doi.org/10.3390/risks7030084

Teran-Yepez, E., Jimenez-Castillo, D., & Sanchez-Perez, M. (2022). The effect of international opportunity recognition processes on problem-solving competence: How does past negative entrepreneurial experience matter? Oeconomia Copernicana, 13(2), 541–579. https://doi.org/10.24136/oc.2022.017

Torugsa, N. A., O’Donohue, W., & Hecker, R. (2013). Proactive CSR: An empirical analysis of the role of its economic, social and environmental dimensions on the association between capabilities and performance. Journal of Business Ethics, 115(2), 383–402. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-012-1405-4

Tran, N. M., Ngo, Q. G., & Tran, Q. T. (2023). Top management team gender diversity and the financial performance of Vietnamese SMEs: family and non-family owned firms. Gender in Management, 38(3), 394–411. https://doi.org/10.1108/GM-11-2021-0345

Uzhegova, M., Torkkeli, L., & Saarenketo, S. (2019). Corporate social responsibility in SMEs: Implications on competitive performance. Management Revue, 30(2–3), 232–267. https://doi.org/10.5771/0935-9915-2019-2-3-232

Valdez-Juárez, L. E., Gallardo-Vázquez, D., & Ramos-Escobar, E. A. (2021). Entreprenurial orientation and CSR: A dynamic capability in the corporate performance of Mexican SMEs. Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, 8(3), 654–680. https://doi.org/10.9770/jesi.2021.8.3(41)

Vavrova, J. (2022). Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on corporate social responsibility in the hotel industry – Case of the Czech Republic. Journal of Tourism and Services, 25(13), 213–229. https://doi.org/10.29036/jots.v13i25.414

Vo, H. D., Van, T. H. L., Dinh, T. H. L., & Ho, M. C. (2020). Financial inclusion, corporate social responsibility and customer loyalty in the banking sector in Vietnam. Journal of International Studies, 13(4), 9–23. https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-8330.2020/13-4/1

Wenzel, M., Stanske, S., & Lieberman, M. B. (2020). Strategic responses to crisis. Strategic Management Journal, 41, V7–V18. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.3161

Zadeh, F. G. (2022). Entrepreneurship and SMEs under COVID-19 crisis: A literature review. International Entrepreneurship Review, 8(3), 23–35. https://doi.org/10.15678/IER.2022.0803.02

Zastempowski, M., & Cyfert, S. (2021). Social responsibility of SMEs from the perspective of their innovativeness: Evidence from Poland. Journal of Cleaner Production, 317, 128400. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.128400

Zheng, Y., Li, Ch., & Liu, Y. (2021). Impact of environmental regulations on the Innovation of SMEs: Evidence from China. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 22, 101515. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2021.101515