Identifying critical elements of road infrastructure using cascading impact assessment
Abstract
Road transport is a key means of transporting people and cargo on land. Its particular advantages are speed and operability, which are balanced, however, by dependence on road infrastructure. Road infrastructure reliability is an important factor in its functioning. If some elements of road infrastructure are disrupted or fail, the function of dependent infrastructures, such as the integrated rescue system or industry, are also impaired and may fail. These important elements of road infrastructure should be identified as critical and be given greater attention when identifying weaknesses and implementing subsequent security measures. This article introduces the Identifying Critical Elements of Road Infrastructure (ICERI) method, which was designed to make use of Cascading Impact Assessments (CIA). The use of CIA allows critical elements to be identified through impact escalation analysis. These impacts can therefore be monitored not only in road transport infrastructure but also across the entire critical infrastructure system.
First published online 4 May 2020
Keyword : critical infrastructure, road infrastructure, critical elements, cascade effects, identification, ICERI method
How to Cite
Rehak, D., Patrman, D., Brabcová, V., & Dvořák, Z. (2020). Identifying critical elements of road infrastructure using cascading impact assessment. Transport, 35(3), 300-314. https://doi.org/10.3846/transport.2020.12414
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
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IEC 60812:2006. Analysis Techniques for System Reliability – Procedure for Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA).
IEC 61025:2006. Fault Tree Analysis (FTA).
IEC 62502:2010. Analysis Techniques for Dependability – Event Tree Analysis (ETA).
IEC 31010:2019. Risk Management – Risk Assessment Techniques.
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Leitner, B.; Môcová, L.; Hromada, M. 2017. A New approach to identification of critical elements in railway infrastructure, Procedia Engineering 187: 143–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.04.360
Leitner, B.; Rehak, D.; Keršys, R. 2018. The new procedure for identification of infrastructure elements significance in subsector railway transport, Komunikácie / Communications 20(2): 41–48.
Liao, H.; Apt, J.; Talukdar, S. 2004. Phase Transitions in the Probability of Cascading Failures. Working Paper. Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, US. 4 p. Available from Internet: https://www.cmu.edu/ceic/assets/docs/publications/working-papers/ceic-04-08.pdf
Min, H.-S. J.; Beyeler, W.; Brown, T.; Son, Y. J.; Jones, A. T. 2007. Toward modeling and simulation of critical national infrastructure interdependencies, IIE Transactions 39(1): 57–71. https://doi.org/10.1080/07408170600940005
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NIAC. 2009. National Infrastructure Advisory Council Critical Infrastructure Resilience: Final Report and Recommendations. National Infrastructure Advisory Council (NIAC), US Department of Homeland Security, Washington, DC, US. 54 p. Available from Internet: https://www.cisa.gov/publication/niac-critical-infrastructure-resilience-final-report
Oliveira, E. L.; Portugal, L. da S.; Porto Junior, W. 2014. Determining critical links in a road network: vulnerability and congestion indicators, Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences 162: 158–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.12.196
Pant, R.; Hall, J. W.; Blainey, S. P. 2016. Vulnerability assessment framework for interdependent critical infrastructures: case-study for Great Britain’s rail network, European Journal of Transport and Infrastructure Research 16(1): 174–194. https://doi.org/10.18757/ejtir.2016.16.1.3120
Patrman, D.; Splichalova, A.; Rehak, D.; Onderkova, V. 2019. Factors influencing the performance of critical land transport infrastructure elements, Transportation Research Procedia 40: 1518–1524. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2019.07.210
Public Safety Canada. 2018. National Cross Sector Forum: 2018–2020 Action Plan for Critical Infrastructure. Public Safety Canada, Ottawa, Canada. 25 p. Available from Internet: https://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/cnt/rsrcs/pblctns/pln-crtcl-nfrstrctr-2018-20
Rehak, D.; Markuci, J.; Hromada, M.; Barcova, K. 2016. Quantitative evaluation of the synergistic effects of failures in a critical infrastructure system, International Journal of Critical Infrastructure Protection 14: 3–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcip.2016.06.002
Rehak, D.; Novotny, P. 2016. Bases for modelling the impacts of the critical infrastructure failure, Chemical Engineering Transactions 53: 91–96. https://doi.org/10.3303/CET1653016
Rehak, D.; Senovsky, P.; Hromada, M.; Lovecek, T.; Novotny, P. 2018. Cascading impact assessment in a critical infrastructure system, International Journal of Critical Infrastructure Protection 22: 125–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcip.2018.06.004
Rehak, D.; Senovsky, P.; Hromada, M.; Lovecek, T. 2019a. Complex approach to assessing resilience of critical infrastructure elements, International Journal of Critical Infrastructure Protection 25: 125–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcip.2019.03.003
Rehak, D.; Radimsky, M.; Hromada, M.; Dvorak, Z. 2019b. Dynamic impact modeling as a road transport crisis management support tool, Administrative Sciences 9(2): 29. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci9020029
Renger, R.; Foltysova, J.; Ienuso, S.; Renger, J.; Booze, W. 2017. Evaluating system cascading failures, Evaluation Journal of Australasia 17(2): 29–36. https://doi.org/10.1177/1035719X1701700205
Rinaldi, S. M.; Peerenboom, J. P.; Kelly, T. K. 2001. Identifying, understanding, and analyzing critical infrastructure interdependencies, IEEE Control Systems Magazine 21(6): 11–25. https://doi.org/10.1109/37.969131
Ristvej, J.; Zagorecki, A.; Hollá, K.; Šimák, L.; Titko, M. 2013. Modelling, simulation and information systems as a tool to support decision making process in crisis management, in 27th European Simulation and Modelling Conference – ESM’2013, 23–25 October 2013, Lancaster, UK, 71–76.
RSD. 2012. Zvlněná dálnice u Ostravy má rekordních 901 vad. Ředitelství silnic a dálnic (RSD) ČR. Česká Republika. Available from Internet: https://www.rsd.cz (in Czech).
Rupi, F.; Angelini, S.; Bernardi, S.; Danesi, A.; Rossi, G. 2015. Ranking links in a road transport network: a practical method for the calculation of link importance, Transportation Research Procedia 5: 221–232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2015.01.003
Scott, D. M.; Novak, D. C.; Aultman-Hall, L.; Guo, F. 2006. Network robustness index: a new method for identifying critical links and evaluating the performance of transportation networks, Journal of Transport Geography 14(3): 215–227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2005.10.003
Seppänen, H.; Luokkala, P.; Zhang, Z.; Torkki, P.; Virrantaus, K. 2018. Critical infrastructure vulnerability – a method for identifying the infrastructure service failure interdependencies, International Journal of Critical Infrastructure Protection 22: 25–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcip.2018.05.002
Slivková, S. 2018. Určování kritických prvků v oblasti železniční dopravy. Disertační práce pro získání akademického titulu „doktor“, ve zkratce „Ph.D.“. Technická univerzita Ostrava, Česká republika. 123 s. (in Czech). Available from Internet: https://dspace.vsb.cz/bitstream/handle/10084/133108/SLI0006_FBI_P3908_3908V009_2018.pdf
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