Sensitivity of street network capacity under the rain impact: case study of Belgrade
Abstract
It is generally know that adverse weather conditions cause changes in urban transportation system. Research of weather impact on the urban transportation system was additionally intensified by actualisation of climate changes problem. In urban area, precipitation may reduce the efficiency of transportation systems, since it often results in larger travel times and higher congestion levels in street networks. Therefore, it is important to examine the impact of precipitation on the urban street capacity. In accordance with climate characteristics of research area, the focus of this paper was on the rain impact. Impact of rain was analysed only in the context of transport supply, and not of transport demand. Sensitivity of the street network capacity was chosen to represent transportation system supply. It was analysed through the changes in saturation flow rate under the rain. Results of the research have shown significant sensitivity of street network capacity on the rain impact. Moreover, the rain impact was quantified by the capacity sensitivity coefficients, which were implemented in procedure of capacity calculation.
Keyword : transportation planning, urban street network, rain impact, saturation flow, capacity
How to Cite
Ivanović, I., & Jović, J. (2018). Sensitivity of street network capacity under the rain impact: case study of Belgrade. Transport, 33(2), 470-477. https://doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2017.1283532
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
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Teply, S.; Allingham, D. I.; Richardson, D. B.; Stephenson, B.W. 1995. Canadian Capacity Guide for Signalized Intersections. Institute of Transportation Engineers, Canada. 115 p.
Tsapakis, I.; Cheng, T.; Bolbol, A. 2013. Impact of weather conditions on macroscopic urban travel times, Journal of Transport Geography 28: 204–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2012.11.003
Wang, L.; Yamamoto, T.; Miwa, T.; Morikawa, T. 2006. An analysis of effects of rainfall on travel speed at signalized surface road network based on probe vehicle data, in Proceedings of the Conference on Traffic and Transportation Studies (ICTTS), 2–4 August 2006, Xi’an, China, 1–9.
Webster, F. V.; Cobbe, B. M. 1966. Traffic Signals. London. Her Majesty’s Stationery Office (HMSO). 198 p.
Xu, F.; He, Z.; Sha, Z.; Zhuang, L.; Sun, W. 2013. Assessing the impact of rainfall on traffic operation of urban road network, Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences 96: 82–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.08.012
Agbolosu-Amison, S.; Sadek, A.; ElDessouki, W. 2004. Inclement weather and traffic flow at signalized intersections: case study from Northern New England, Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1867: 163–171. https://doi.org/10.3141/1867-19
Asamer, J.; Van Zuylen, H. 2011. Saturation flow under adverse weather conditions, Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2258: 103–109. https://doi.org/10.3141/2258-13
BLA. 1995. Anchorage Signal System Upgrade. Final report. Bernardin Lochmueller & Associates (BLA), Evansville, Indiana.
Böcker, L.; Dijst, M.; Prillwitz, J. 2013. Impact of everyday weather on individual daily travel behaviours in perspective: a literature review, Transport Reviews 33(1): 71–91. https://doi.org/10.1080/01441647.2012.747114
Brilon, W.; Ponzlet, M. 1996. Variability of speed-flow relationships on German autobahns, Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1555: 91–98. https://doi.org/10.3141/1555-12
Chodur, J.; Ostrowski, K.; Tracz, M. 2011. Impact of saturation flow changes on performance of traffic lanes at signalised intersections, Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences 16: 600–611. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.04.480
Gillam, W. J.; Wilhill, R. A. 1992. UTC and inclement weather conditions, in Proceedings of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Conference – Road Traffic Monitoring, IEE Conf. Pub. 355, April, 1992, United Kingdom, 85–88.
Hartigan, J. A. 1975. Clustering Algorithms. John Wiley & Sons Inc. 366 p.
Highway Capacity Manual. 2010. Transportation Research Board. 5th edition. 1650 p.
Highway Capacity Manual. 2000. Transportation Research Board. 1134 p.
Hranac, R.; Sterzin, E.; Krechmer, D.; Rakha, H.; Farzaneh, M. 2006. Empirical Studies on Traffic Flow in Inclement Weather. Report No FHWA-HOP-07-073. Federal Highway Administration, Washington, DC, US. 108 p. Available from Internet: http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/weatherem-pirical/weatherempirical.pdf
Ibrahim, A. T.; Hall, F. L. 1994. Effect of adverse weather conditions on speed-flow-occupancy relationships, Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1457: 184–191.
Jones, E. R.; Goolsby, M. E. 1970. The environmental influence of rain on freeway capacity, Highway Research Record 321: 74–82.
Jović, J.; Đorić, V. 2010. Traffic and environmental street network modelling: Belgrade case study, Transport 25(2): 155–162. https://doi.org/10.3846/transport.2010.19
Kleitsch, K.; Cleveland, D. 1971. The Effect of Rainfall on Freeway Capacity. HSRI Report No TrS-6. Highway Safety Research Institute, University of Michigan. 34 p.
Koetse, M. J.; Rietveld, P. 2009. The impact of climate change and weather on transport: an overview of empirical findings, Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 14(3): 205–221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2008.12.004
Kyte, M.; Khatib, Z.; Shannon, P.; Kitchener, F. 2001. Effect of weather on free-flow speed, Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1776: 60–68. https://doi.org/10.3141/1776-08
Mann, H. B.; Whitney, D. R. 1947. On a test of whether one of two random variables is stochastically larger than the other, Annals of Mathematical Statistics 18(1): 50–60. https://doi.org/10.1214/aoms/1177730491
Moskowitz, K.; Newman, L. 1963. Notes on freeway capacity, Highway Research Record 27: 44–68.
Peel, M. C.; Finlayson, B. L.; McMahon, T. A. 2007. Updated world map of the Köppen–Geiger climate classification, Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 11(5): 1633–1644. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007
Perrin, H.; Martin, P.; Hansen, B. 2001. Modifying signal timing during inclement weather, Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1748: 66–71. https://doi.org/10.3141/1748-08
Petrovic, D.; Ivanovic, I.; Djoric, V. 2015. Does weather impact on commuters’ travel demand – empirical case study of Belgrade, in European Transport Conference 2015 (ETC 2015), 28–30 September 2015, Frankfurt, Germany, 1–11.
Pisano, P. A.; Goodwin, L. C. 2004. Arterial operations in adverse weather, in ITE 2004 Annual Meeting and Exhibit Compendium of Technical Papers, 1–4 August 2004, Lake Buena Vista, Florida, US, 1–11.
Ries, G. L. 1981. Impact of Weather on Freeway Capacity. Minnesota Department of Transportation. Office of Traffic Engineering, Systems and Research Section. 40 p.
Shin, C.-H.; Choi, K. 1998. Saturation flow rate estimation under rainy weather conditions for on-line traffic control purpose, KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 2(3): 211–222. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02830476
Sisiopiku, V. P.; Sullivan, A. 2011. Impacts of signal system timings on rain related congestion, International Journal of Engineering and Industries 2(1): 1–12.
Smith, B. L.; Byrne, K. G.; Copperman, R. B.; Hennessy, S. M.; Goodall, N. J. 2004. An investigation into the impact of rainfall on freeway traffic flow, in TRB 83rd Annual Meeting Compendium of Papers CD-ROM, 11–15 January 2004, Washington, DC, US, 1–15.
Teply, S.; Allingham, D. I.; Richardson, D. B.; Stephenson, B.W. 1995. Canadian Capacity Guide for Signalized Intersections. Institute of Transportation Engineers, Canada. 115 p.
Tsapakis, I.; Cheng, T.; Bolbol, A. 2013. Impact of weather conditions on macroscopic urban travel times, Journal of Transport Geography 28: 204–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2012.11.003
Wang, L.; Yamamoto, T.; Miwa, T.; Morikawa, T. 2006. An analysis of effects of rainfall on travel speed at signalized surface road network based on probe vehicle data, in Proceedings of the Conference on Traffic and Transportation Studies (ICTTS), 2–4 August 2006, Xi’an, China, 1–9.
Webster, F. V.; Cobbe, B. M. 1966. Traffic Signals. London. Her Majesty’s Stationery Office (HMSO). 198 p.
Xu, F.; He, Z.; Sha, Z.; Zhuang, L.; Sun, W. 2013. Assessing the impact of rainfall on traffic operation of urban road network, Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences 96: 82–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.08.012