Different urban consolidation centre scenarios: impact on external costs of last-mile deliveries
Abstract
The identification and mitigation of negative externalities from goods deliveries in urban areas are important aspects of sustainable urban development. Previous studies have shown that urban freight consolidation increases the load factor of Delivery Vehicles (DVs), reducing the vehicle-kilometres driven and thus reducing negative freight transport externalities in urban areas. The objective of this paper is to explore the possible impact of the number of Urban Consolidation Centres (UCCs) on the external costs of last-mile deliveries in freight transport and to determine the possible contribution of such consolidation scenarios to external cost mitigation. Therefore, several consolidation scenarios are considered assuming different numbers of UCCs in operation. A new consolidation scheme is proposed with more than one UCC to serve a given city area. Input data are obtained from a roadside questionnaire survey with a sample of 1617 drivers at 9 access roads to an urban area as part of the NOvi Sad TRAnsport Model (NOSTRAM) study. Externalities are calculated using the IMPACT methodology and discussed for different urban freight consolidation options. The best option is identified, and the results indicate that properly planned, organised and managed urban freight consolidation can significantly reduce transport externalities. The main research results showed that all of the proposed consolidation options increase the total driving distance in an urban area. However, some consolidation options significantly reduce the driving distance of less manageable vehicles in last-mile deliveries (long-haul heavy- and light-duty vehicles). Consequently, the external costs ranged from 2108.3 to 5420.5 EUR for the consolidation option, whereas the current state externalities are 2791.4 EUR. Thus, more small UCCs may provide better results than the central centre even in medium-sized cities.
First Published Online: 4 Sept 2017
Keyword : urban consolidation centres, transport externalities, urban freight delivery, city logistics, medium-sized cities, Novi Sad, Serbia
How to Cite
Veličković, M., Stojanović, Đurđica, Nikoličić, S., & Maslarić, M. (2018). Different urban consolidation centre scenarios: impact on external costs of last-mile deliveries. Transport, 33(4), 948-958. https://doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2017.1350995
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
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Crainic, T. G.; Ricciardi, N.; Storchi, G. 2004. Advanced freight transportation systems for congested urban areas, Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies 12(2): 119–137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2004.07.002
Crainic, T .G.; Gendreau, M.; Potvin, J.-Y. 2009a. Intelligent freight-transportation systems: Assessment and the contribution of operations research, Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies 17(6): 541–557. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2008.07.002
Crainic, T. G.; Ricciardi, N.; Storchi, G. 2009b. Models for evaluating and planning city logistics systems, Transportation Science 43(4): 432–454. https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.1090.0279
Dablanc, L. (Ed.). 2011. City Logistics Best Practices: a Handbook for Authorities. Sustainable Urban Goods Logistics Achieved by Regional and Local Policies (SUGAR), Bologna, Emilia-Romagna Region, Italy. 276 p. https://doi.org/10.13140/2.1.5149.5201
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Ehmke, J. F. 2012. City Logistics, International Series in Operations Research & Management Science 177: 9–22. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3628-7_2
EC. 1995. Towards Fair and Efficient Pricing in Transport: Policy Options for Internalising the External Costs of Transport in the European Union. Available from Internet: http://europa.eu/documents/comm/green_papers/pdf/com95_691_en.pdf
EC. 2003. External Costs: Research Results on Socio-Environmental Damages Due to Electricity and Transport. 28 p. Available from Internet: https://ec.europa.eu/research/energy/pdf/externe_en.pdf
Filippi, F.; Nuzzolo, A.; Comi, A.; Site, P. D. 2010. Ex-ante assessment of urban freight transport policies, Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences 2(3): 6332–6342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.04.042
Forkenbrock, D. J. 1999. External costs of intercity truck freight transportation, Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 33(7–8): 505–526. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0965-8564(98)00068-8
Gallo, M. 2010. Estimating external costs of transportation in regional areas: using available statistical data the case of the region of Campania, TeMA: Journal of Mobility, Land Use and Environment 3: 107–120.
Gentile, G.; Vigo, D. 2013. Movement generation and trip distribution for freight demand modelling applied to city logistics, European Transport \ Trasporti Europei 54(Paper No 6): 1–27.
Gonzalez-Feliu, J.; Salanova Grau, J.-M. 2014. How the location of urban consolidation and logistics facility has an impact on the delivery costs? An accessibility analysis, in Transport Research Arena (TRA) 5th Conference: Transport Solutions from Research to Deployment, 14–17 April 2014, Paris, France, 1–7.
Gonzalez-Feliu, J.; Salanova Grau, J.-M.; Beziat, A. 2014. A location-based accessibility analysis to estimate the suitability of urban consolidation facilities, International Journal of Urban Sciences 18(2): 166–185. https://doi.org/10.1080/12265934.2014.930673
Güler, H. 2014. An empirical modelling framework for forecasting freight transportation, Transport 29(2): 185–194. https://doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2014.930927
Herzog, B. O. 2011. Urban Freight in Developing Cities. Module 1g: Sustainable Transport: A Sourcebook for Policy-Makers in Developing Cities. Transport Policy Advisory Services, Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development. Eschborn, Germany. 62 p.
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Korzhenevych, A.; Dehnen, N.; Bröcker, J.; Holtkamp, M.; Meier, H.; Gibson, G.; Varma, A.; Cox, V. 2014. Update of the Handbook on External Costs of Transport. Report for the European Commission: DG MOVE: Ricardo-AEA/R/ED57769, London. 139 p. Available from Internet: https://ec.europa.eu/transport/sites/transport/files/themes/sustainable/studies/doc/2014-handbook-external-costs-transport.pdf
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Lewis, A.; Fell, M.; Palmer, D. 2010. Freight Consolidation Centre Study. Department for Transport, London, UK.
Maibach, M.; Schreyer, C.; Sutter, D.; Van Essen; H. P.; Boon, B. H.; Smokers, R.; Schroten, A.; Doll, C.; Pawlowska, B.; Bak, M. 2008. Handbook on Estimation of External Costs in the Transport Sector. Produced within the study Internalisation Measures and Policies for All external Cost of Transport (IMPACT), Version 1.1. Delft, Netherlands. 336 p. Available from Internet: https://ec.europa.eu/transport/sites/transport/files/themes/sustainable/doc/2008_costs_handbook.pdf
Marcucci, E.; Danielis, R. 2008. The potential demand for a urban freight consolidation centre, Transportation 35(2): 269–284. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11116-007-9147-3
MDS Transmodal Limited. 2012. DG MOVE European Commission: Study on Urban Freight Transport. Final Report. Chester, UK. 156 p. Available from Internet: https://ec.europa.eu/transport/sites/transport/files/themes/urban/studies/doc/2012-04-urban-freight-transport.pdf
Ninh, P.; Bentzen, K.; Laugesen, M. S. 2014. Why Should Transportation Companies Join Public Private Partnership (PPP) Proposed by the Public Sector to Support the Implementation Process of Freight Electric Vehicles (FEVs) In Copenhagen Municipality: Report. Association of Danish Transport and Logistics Centres (FDT), Aalborg, Denmark. 60 p. Available from Internet: http://e-mobility-nsr.eu/fileadmin/user_upload/downloads/info-pool/Activty_7.4.4_Report_on_PPPs.pdf
Panebianco, M.; Zanarini, M. (Eds.). 2005. City Ports Project: Interim Report. Bologna, Emilia-Romagna Region, Italy. 209 p.
Rose-Cherasi, I. 2012. L 2.1: State of the Art Report ‘Urban Logistics Practices’. Project No 60R13620 (Version 4). SINTEF: Technology and Society. Trondheim, Norway. 71 p.
Russo, F.; Comi, A. 2010. A classification of city logistics measures and connected impacts, Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences 2(3): 6355–6365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.04.044
Russo, F.; Comi, A. 2012. City characteristics and urban goods movements: a way to environmental transportation system in a sustainable city, Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences 39: 61–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.03.091
Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia. 2012. Ethnicity: Data by Municipalities and Cities. 2011 Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in the Republic of Serbia, Belgrade. 121 p. Available from Internet: http://pod2.stat.gov.rs/ObjavljenePublikacije/G2012/pdf/G20124001.pdf
Stojanović, Đ.; Basarić, V.; Gajić, V. 2011. The impact of freight transport on urban noise, in Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference “Towards a Human City”, 27–28 October 2011, Novi Sad, Serbia, 261–267.
Van den Bossche, M.; Beekman, R.; Baanders, B.; Scholten, B.; Schroten, A; Van Essen, H. 2012. Study on Urban Aspects of the Internalisation of External Costs – MOVE/B4/310-1/2011. Final Report. Rotterdam, Netherlands. 228 p. Available from Internet: https://ec.europa.eu/transport/sites/transport/files/themes/urban/studies/doc/2012-study-on-urban-aspects-of-the-internalisation-of-external-costs.pdf
Van Duin, J. H. R.; Quak, H.; Muñuzuri, J. 2010. New challenges for urban consolidation centres: a case study in the Hague, Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences 2(3): 6177–6188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.04.029
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