Share:


Analysis of antecedents and consequences of workplace-related burnout among Croatian employees in the post-COVID-19 era

Abstract

Employee burnout is considered a serious problem in today’s organizations, having severe repercussions both on individual and operational levels. A large number of studies have been conducted to identify antecedents and consequences of burnout but were mostly carried out in medical and other helping professions. This research aims to explore the burnout of employees working in Croatian companies by developing a multidimensional model that explores the influence of three elements that are considered typical features of today’s modern, post-pandemic workplace: information overload, demands at work, and multitasking. In addition, it observes the influence of burnout on employee decision-making style and the moderating effects of information accuracy and time pressure on the burnout-decision-making relationship. A total of 567 employees working in various industries and carrying out different professions completed an online survey, and linear regression analysis was applied to analyze the data. The results confirmed the direct positive effect of information overload and demands at work on burnout and the direct positive effect of burnout on poor decision-making style. This study is one of the first studies conducted in Croatia on employees in the business sector, so it contributes to the field with important theoretical implications and practical and managerial recommendations.

Keyword : burnout, work-related stress, Croatian companies, information overload, demands at work, multitasking, decision-making style, information accuracy, time pressure

How to Cite
Moric Milovanovic, B., & Cvjetkovic, M. (2024). Analysis of antecedents and consequences of workplace-related burnout among Croatian employees in the post-COVID-19 era. Business: Theory and Practice, 25(1), 108–118. https://doi.org/10.3846/btp.2024.19320
Published in Issue
Mar 7, 2024
Abstract Views
367
PDF Downloads
271
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

References

Adil, M. S., & Baig, M. (2018). Impact of job demands-resources model on burnout and employee’s well-being: Evidence from the pharmaceutical organisations of Karachi. IIMB Management Review, 30(2), 119–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iimb.2018.01.004

Adisa, T. A., Antonacopoulou, E., Beauregard, T. A., Dickmann, M., & Adekoya, O. D. (2022). Exploring the impact of COVID‐19 on employees’ boundary management and work–life balance. British Journal of Management, 33(4), 1694–1709. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8551.12643

Al‐Dabbagh, Z. S. (2020). The role of decision‐maker in crisis management: A qualitative study using grounded theory (COVID‐19 pandemic crisis as a model). Journal of Public Affairs, 20(4), Article e2186. https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.2186

Alhenieidi, H., & Smith, A. P. (2020). Perceptions of noise exposure, information overload and the well-being of workers. In 13th ICBEN Congress on Noise as a Public Health Problem (pp. 1–7). Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

Alheneidi, H., Alterkait, M., & Smith, A. (2021). Exploring the influence of e-learning systems on information overload and social media addiction during the Covid-19 pandemic. Sumerianz Journal of Social Science, 4(2), 59–64. https://doi.org/10.47752/sjss.42.59.64

Amabile, T. M., Hadley, C. N., & Kramer, S. J. (2002). Creativity under the gun. Harvard Business Review, 80, 52–63.

Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., & Verbeke, W. (2004). Using the job demands‐resources model to predict burnout and performance. Human Resource Management, 43(1), 83–104. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.20004

Bakker, A. B., Xanthopoulou, D., & Demerouti, E. (2023). How does chronic burnout affect dealing with weekly job demands? A test of central propositions in JD‐R and COR‐theories. Applied Psychology, 72(1), 389–410. https://doi.org/10.1111/apps.12382

Bang, H., & Reio Jr, T. G. (2017). Examining the role of cynicism in the relationships between burnout and employee behavior. Revista de Psicología del Trabajo y de las Organizaciones, 33(3), 217–227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpto.2017.07.002

Becker, M. W., Alzahabi, R., & Hopwood, C. J. (2013). Media multitasking is associated with symptoms of depression and social anxiety. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 16(2), 132–135. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2012.0291

Benazic, D., & Ruzic, E. (2013). Odnos između profesionalnog sagorijevanja i zadovoljstva poslom u osobnoj prodaji. Ekonomski vjesnik, 26(1), 92–92.

Boyce, T., & Mustajbegovic, J. (2019). Croatia: Health and employment. WHO Regional Office for Europe.

Buchanan, J., & Kock, N. (2001). Information overload: A decision making perspective. In Multiple Criteria Decision Making in the New Millennium: Proceedings of the Fifteenth International Conference on Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) (pp. 49–58). Ankara, Turkey. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56680-6_4

Burr, H., Berthelsen, H., Moncada, S., Nübling, M., Dupret, E., Demiral, Y., Oudyk, J., Kristensen, T.S., Llorens, C., Navarro, A., Lincke, H-A., Bocéréan, C., Sahan, C., Smith, P., & Porth, A. (2019). The third version of the Copenhagen psychosocial questionnaire. Safety and Health at Work, 10, 482–503. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2019.10.002

Ceschi, A., Demerouti, E., Sartori, R., & Weller, J. (2017). Decision-making processes in the workplace: How exhaustion, lack of resources and job demands impair them and affect performance. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, Article 313. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00313

Chang, S. J., Witteloostuijn, A. V., & Eden, L. (2020). Common method variance in international business research. Research Methods in International Business, 41, 385–398. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22113-3_20

Chen, H., Wu, P., & Wei, W. (2012). New perspective on job burnout: Exploring the root cause beyond general antecedents analysis. Psychological Reports, 110(3), 801–819. https://doi.org/10.2466/01.09.13.PR0.110.3.801-819

Cho, J., Lee, H. E., & Kim, H. (2019). Effects of communication-oriented overload in mobile instant messaging on role stressors, burnout, and turnover intention in the workplace. International Journal of Communication, 13(2019), 1743–1763.

Croatian Bureau of Statistics. (2023). Persons in paid employment, by activities. https://podaci.dzs.hr/2023/en/57988

Dean, D., & Webb, C. (2011). Recovering from information overload. McKinsey Quarterly.

DeFilippis, E., Impink, S. M., & Singel, M. P. JT, & Sadun, R. (2022). The impact of Covid-19 on digital communication patterns. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 9, Article 180. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-022-01190-9

Deloitte. (2021). The digital-ready workplace. https://www.deloitte.com/global/en/our-thinking/insights/topics/talent/technology-and-the-future-of-work/supercharging-teams-in-the-digital-workplace.html

Deloitte. (2022). Mental health and well-being in the workplace. https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/global/Documents/Life-Sciences-Health-Care/gx-mental-health-2022-report-noexp.pdf

Deloitte Development LLC. (2017). Deloitte insights. Forces of change: The future of work. https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/insights/us/articles/4322_Forces-of-change_FoW/DI_Forces-of-change_FoW.pd

Demerouti, E., Le Blanc, P. M., Bakker, A. B., Schaufeli, W. B., & Hox, J. (2009). Present but sick: A three‐wave study on job demands, presenteeism and burnout. Career Development International, 14(1), 50–68. https://doi.org/10.1108/13620430910933574

Domovic, V., Martinko, J., & Jurcec, L. (2010). Čimbenici učiteljskog sagorijevanja na poslu. Napredak, 151(3–4), 350–359.

Dorta-Afonso, D., Romero-Domínguez, L., & Benítez-Núñez, C. (2023). It’s worth it! High performance work systems for employee job satisfaction: The mediational role of burnout. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 108, Article 103364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2022.103364

Dyrbye, L. N., Shanafelt, T. D., Johnson, P. O., Johnson, L. A., Satele, D., & West, C. P. (2019). A cross-sectional study exploring the relationship between burnout, absenteeism, and job performance among American nurses. BMC Nursing, 18(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-019-0382-7

Eberly, L. E. (2007). Multiple linear regression. In W. T. Ambrosius (Eds), Topics in biostatistics. Methods in molecular biology™ (Vol. 404). Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-530-5_9

Eichhorn, B. R. (2014). Common method variance techniques. In Paper AA11-2014. Cleveland State University, Department of Operations and Supply Chain Management. SAS Institute Inc.

El koncept d.o.o. (2023). Finiinfo. https://www.fininfo.hr/

Eurofound. (2018). Burnout in the workplace: A review of data and policy responses in the EU. Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg. https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2806/957351

Eurofound. (2022). Working conditions in the time of COVID-19: Implications for the future. European Working Conditions Telephone Survey 2021 series, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg.

European Agency for Safety and Health at Work. (2022). Factsheet 22 – Work-related stress. https://osha.europa.eu/en/publications/factsheet-22-work-related-stress

Faisal, M., Maarif, M. S., Fahmi, I., & Yulianto, B. (2022). Business environment turbulence and industrial connections instruments as determinants of firm performance mediated by an industrial connections climate. Sustainability, 14, Article 12150. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141912150

Gabriel, K. P., & Aguinis, H. (2022). How to prevent and combat employee burnout and create healthier workplaces during crises and beyond. Business Horizons, 65(2), 183–192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2021.02.037

Gamble, K. R., Cassenti, D. N., & Buchler, N. (2018). Effects of information accuracy and volume on decision making. Military Psychology, 30(4), 311–320. https://doi.org/10.1080/08995605.2018.1425586

Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2019). Multivariate data analysis. Cengage Learning.

Hobfoll, S. E. (2001). The influence of culture, community, and the nested-self in the stress process: Advancing conservation of resources theory. Applied Psychology, 50(3), 337–421. https://doi.org/10.1111/1464-0597.00062

Hobfoll, S. E., & Freedy, J. (2018). Conservation of resources: A general stress theory applied to burnout. In Professional burnout: Recent developments in theory and research (pp. 115–129). CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315227979-9

Horvat, G. (2018). Stress in the public and real sector. Socijalne teme, 1(5), 73–73.

Horvat, G., Tomasevic, S., & Leutar, Z. (2016). Sindrom sagorijevanja na poslu djelatnika bankarskog sektora koji su u direktnom kontaktu s korisnicima. Socijalne teme, 1(3), 31–47.

Hoq, K. M. G. (2014). Information overload: Causes, consequences and remedies: A study. Philosophy and Progress, LV–LVI, 49–68. https://doi.org/10.3329/pp.v55i1-2.26390

IBM Corp. (2019). IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 26.0. IBM Corp.

International Monetary Fund. (2022). World Economic Outlook: Countering the cost-of-living crisis. Washington, DC.

Iqbal, S. T., & Horvitz, E. (2007, April). Disruption and recovery of computing tasks: Field study, analysis, and directions. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 677–686). ACM Digital Library. https://doi.org/10.1145/1240624.1240730

Jonas, E., Schulz-Hardt, S., & Frey, D. (2005). Giving advice or making decisions in someone else’s place: The influence of impression, defense, and accuracy motivation on the search for new information. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31(7), 977–990. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167204274095

Karpinski, A. C., Kirschner, P. A., Ozer, I., Mellott, J. A., & Ochwo, P. (2013). An exploration of social networking site use, multitasking, and academic performance among United States and European university students. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(3), 1182–1192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2012.10.011

Kinicki, A. J., & Vecchio, R. P. (1994). Influences on the quality of supervisor–subordinate relations: The role of time-pressure, organizational commitment, and locus of control. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 15(1), 75–82. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030150108

Kirchberg, D. M., Roe, R. A., & Van Eerde, W. (2015). Polychronicity and multitasking: A diary study at work. Human Performance, 28(2), 112–136. https://doi.org/10.1080/08959285.2014.976706

Kocher, M. G., & Sutter, M. (2006). Time is money – Time pressure, incentives, and the quality of decision-making. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 61(3), 375–392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2004.11.013

Kouvonen, A., Toppinen-Tanner, S., Huuhtanen, M. K. P., & Kalimo, R. (2005). Job characteristics and burnout among aging professionals in information and communications technology. Psychological Reports, 97(2), 505–514. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.97.2.505-514

Lee, Y., & Eissenstat, S. J. (2018). A longitudinal examination of the causes and effects of burnout based on the job demands-resources model. International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance, 18, 337–354. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10775-018-9364-7

Lee, J. D., & See, K. A. (2004). Trust in automation: Designing for appropriate reliance. Human Factors, 46(1), 50–80. https://doi.org/10.1518/hfes.46.1.50.30392

Lefever, S., Dal, M., & Matthíasdóttir, Á. (2007). Online data collection in academic research: Advantages and limitations. British Journal of Educational Technology, 38(4), 574–582. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8535.2006.00638.x

Leiter, M. P., & Harvie, P. (1998). Conditions for staff acceptance of organizational change: Burnout as a mediating construct. Anxiety, Stress, and Coping, 11(1), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/10615809808249311

Lo Presti, A., & Nonnis, M. (2014). Testing the job demands-resources model: Evidence from a sample of Italian employees. TPM, 21(1), 89–101.

Lojeski, K., Reilly, R., & Dominick, P. (2007). Multitasking and innovation in virtual teams. In Proceedings of the 40th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS’07). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2007.394

Lunenburg, F. C. (2010, September). The decision-making process. National Forum of Educational Administration and Supervision Journal, 27(4), 1–12.

Mann, L., Burnett, P., Radford, M., & Ford, S. (1997). The Melbourne decision making questionnaire: An instrument for measuring patterns for coping with decisional conflict. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 10(1), 1–19. 3.0.CO;2-X> https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-0771(199703)10:1<1::AID-BDM242>3.0.CO;2-X

Mannion, B. (2022). Information overload. Risk Management, 69(4), 26–29.

Martinko, J. (2010). Profesionalno sagorijevanje na poslu nastavnika u obrazovanju odraslih. Andragoški glasnik: Glasilo Hrvatskog andragoškog društva, 14(2), 99–109.

Maslach, C., & Leiter, M. P. (1999). Burnout and engagement in the workplace: A contextual analysis. In T. Urdan (Ed.), Advances in motivation and achievement (Vol. 11, pp. 275–302). JAI Press.

Maslach, C., & Leiter, M. P. (2016). Understanding the burnout experience: Recent research and its implications for psychiatry. World Psychiatry, 15(2), 103–111. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20311

Maslach, C., Jackson, S. E., & Leiter, M. P. (1996). The Maslach burnout inventory-test manual. Palo Alto.

McGee, R. A. (1989). Burnout and professional decision making: An analogue study. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 36(3), 345–351. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.36.3.345

Michailidis, E., & Banks, A. P. (2016). The relationship between burnout and risk-taking in workplace decision-making and decision-making style. Work and Stress, 30(3), 278–292. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678373.2016.1213773

Misra, S., & Stokols, D. (2012). Psychological and health outcomes of perceived information overload. Environment and Behavior, 44(6), 737–759. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916511404408

Muhamad Nasharudin, N. A., Idris, M. A., Loh, M. Y., & Tuckey, M. (2020). The role of psychological detachment in burnout and depression: A longitudinal study of Malaysian workers. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 61(3), 423–435. https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.12622

Moore, D. A., & Tenney, E. R. (2012). Time pressure, performance, and productivity. In Looking back, moving forward: A review of group and team-based research (Vol. 15, pp. 305–326). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1534-0856(2012)0000015015

Nagar, K. (2012). Organizational commitment and job satisfaction among teachers during times of burnout. Vikalpa, 37(2), 43–60. https://doi.org/10.1177/0256090920120205

Noefer, K., Stegmaier, R., Molter, B., & Sonntag, K. (2009). A great many things to do and not a minute to spare: Can feedback from supervisors moderate the relationship between skill variety, time pressure, and employees’ innovative behavior? Creativity Research Journal, 21(4), 384–393. https://doi.org/10.1080/10400410903297964

Nowak, K., Kuzminska, A. O., & Kowalczyk, K. K. (2018). The effect of overflow at workplace on employees productivity and well being. In 33rd International Scientific Conference on Economic and Social Development – “Managerial Issues in Modern Business” Proceedings (pp. 322–331). ProQuest.

O’Reilly, C. A., & Roberts, K. H. (1977). Task group structure, communication, and effectiveness in three organizations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 62(6), 674–681. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.62.6.674

Ozvacic Adzic, Z., Katic, M., Kern, J., Soler, J. K., Cerovecki, V., & Polasek, O. (2013). Is burnout in family physicians in Croatia related to interpersonal quality of care? Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, 64(2), 255–264. https://doi.org/10.2478/10004-1254-64-2013-2307

Phillips, A. W., Reddy, S., & Durning, S. J. (2015). Improving response rates and evaluating nonresponse bias in surveys: AMEE Guide No. 102. Medical Teacher, 38(3), 217–228. https://doi.org/10.3109/0142159X.2015.1105945

Phillips-Wren, G., & Adya, M. (2020). Decision making under stress: The role of information overload, time pressure, complexity, and uncertainty. Journal of Decision Systems, 29, 213–225. https://doi.org/10.1080/12460125.2020.1768680

Piasna, A. (2017). ‘Bad jobs’ recovery? European job quality index 2005–2015 (Working Paper 2017.06). European Trade Union Institute, Brussels, Belgium. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3103624

Rahim, A., & Cosby, D. M. (2016). A model of workplace incivility, job burnout, turnover intentions, and job performance. Journal of Management Development, 35(10), 1255–1265. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMD-09-2015-0138

Raghavan, A., Demircioglu, M. A., & Orazgaliyev, S. (2021). COVID-19 and the new normal of organizations and employees: An overview. Sustainability, 13(21), Article 11942. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132111942

Reinecke, L., Aufenanger, S., Beutel, M. E., Dreier, M., Quiring, O., Stark, B., & Müller, K. W. (2017). Digital stress over the life span: The effects of communication load and internet multitasking on perceived stress and psychological health impairments in a German probability sample. Media Psychology, 20(1), 90–115. https://doi.org/10.1080/15213269.2015.1121832

Robinson, A. M., & Smallman, C. (2006). The contemporary British workplace: A safer and healthier place? Work, Employment and Society, 20(1), 87–107. https://doi.org/10.1177/0950017006061275

Roetzel, P. G. (2019). Information overload in the information age: A review of the literature from business administration, business psychology, and related disciplines with a bibliometric approach and framework development. Business Research, 12(2), 479–522. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40685-018-0069-z

Rutledge, D. N., & Barros, A. S. (2002). Durbin–Watson statistic as a morphological estimator of information content. Analytica Chimica Acta, 454(2), 277–295. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(01)01555-0

Ruzic, E. (2013). An investigation on the phenomenon of job burnout in the sales profession. Ekonomska misao i praksa, 22(1), 79–96.

Schaufeli, W. B., & Bakker, A. B. (2004). Job demands, job resources, and their relationship with burnout and engagement: A multi‐sample study. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 25(3), 293–315. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.248

Schober, P., Boer, C., & Schwarte, L. A. (2018). Correlation coefficients: Appropriate use and interpretation. Anesthesia and Analgesia, 126(5), 1763–1768. https://doi.org/10.1213/ANE.0000000000002864

Segal, E. (2022). New surveys show burnout is an international crisis. https://www.forbes.com/sites/edwardsegal/2022/10/15/surveys-show-burnout-is-an-international-crisis/

Shirom, A., Westman, M., Shamai, O., & Carel, R. S. (1997). Effects of work overload and burnout on cholesterol and triglycerides levels: The moderating effects of emotional reactivity among male and female employees. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 2(4), 275–288. https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-8998.2.4.275

Stec, M. (2020). Sažetak analize dokumetacije o sagorijevanju 2019/20. Burnout-aid. Culture Shock Foundation, Poljska, K-zona, Hrvatska, City of Women, Slovenija.

Sviben, R., Pukljak Iricanin, Z., Lauri Korajlija, A., & Cular Reljanovic, I. (2017). Sindrom sagorijevanja i mentalno zdravlje kod medicinskog osoblja sa psihijatrijskog i nepsihijatrijskih odjela. Journal of Applied Health Sciences, 3(2), 169–181. https://doi.org/10.24141/1/3/2/4

Soares, J. M., Sampaio, A., Ferreira, L. M., Santos, N. C., Marques, F., Palha, J. A., & Sousa, N. (2012). Stress-induced changes in human decision-making are reversible. Translational Psychiatry, 2(7), Article e131. https://doi.org/10.1038/tp.2012.59

Su, N. M., & Mark, G. (2008). Communication chains and multitasking. In Proceeding of the Twenty-Sixth Annual CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems – CHI ’08 (pp. 83–92). ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/1357054.1357069

Reddy, D. S., & Kumar, V. S. (2020). Multitasking – A source of workplace stress. Journal of Critical Reviews, 7(15), 3777–3784.

Thunholm, P. (2008). Decision-making styles and physiological correlates of negative stress: Is there a relation? Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 49(3), 213–219. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9450.2008.00640.x

Tomic, I., Rubil, I., Nestic, D., & Stubbs, P. (2019). The employment and social situation in Croatia. Policy Department for Economic, Scientific and Quality of Life Policies European Parliament, Luxembourg.

Tomljenovic, M., Kolaric, B., Stajduhar, D., & Tesic, V. (2014). Stress, depression and burnout among hospital physicians in Rijeka, Croatia. Psychiatria Danubina, 26(3), 450–458.

Tosun, N., & Ulusoy, H. (2017). The relationship of organizational commitment, job satisfaction and burnout on physicians and nurses? Journal of Economics and Management, 28(28), 90–111. https://doi.org/10.22367/jem.2017.28.06

Tranmer, M., & Elliot, M. (2008). Multiple linear regression. The Cathie Marsh Centre for Census and Survey Research (CCSR), 5(5), 1–5.

Van den Bos, R., Harteveld, M., & Stoop, H. (2009). Stress and decision-making in humans: Performance is related to cortisol reactivity, albeit differently in men and women. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 34(10), 1449–1458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2009.04.016

World Health Organization. (2019). Burn-out an “occupational phenomenon”: International classification of diseases. https://www.who.int/news/item/28-05-2019-burn-out-an-occupational-phenomenon-international-classification-of-diseases

Young, D. L., Goodie, A. S., Hall, D. B., & Wu, E. (2012). Decision-making under time pressure, modeled in a prospect theory framework. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 118(2), 179–188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2012.03.005

Zika-Viktorsson, A., Sundström, P., & Engwall, M. (2006). Project overload: An exploratory study of work and management in multi-project settings. International Journal of Project Management, 24(5), 385–394. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2006.02.010