Employees’ work–family enrichment in leadership context: systematic review and meta-analytical investigation
Abstract
The aim of this study is to systematically summarize and analyse the relationship between work-family enrichment/family-work enrichment and family-supportive supervisor behaviour. A systematic literature review procedure was applied to search and review articles in EBSCO Academic Ultimate (EBSCO), ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Fifteen papers were included. The systematic literature review mostly revealed the relationship between general work-family enrichment/family-work enrichment and family-supportive supervisor behaviour scores. To provide a summary of the results, a random effects model was employed for statistical analysis. The meta-analytic results revealed a moderate positive relationship between family-supportive supervisor behaviour and work-family enrichment, as well as between family-supportive supervisor behaviour and family-work enrichment. Furthermore, the results indicated that age and gender did not moderate these relationships. Recommendations for future research and practice are discussed. It is important to note that the main limitation of this review is the use of only general scores of family-supportive supervisor behaviour and work-family enrichment/family-work enrichment. This study is valuable because of providing summary of scattered data and reveals clearer relationship between family-supportive supervisor behaviour and work-family enrichment.
Keyword : work-family enrichment, family-supportive supervisor behaviour, leadership, systematic literature review, meta-analysis
How to Cite
Vadvilavičius, T., & Stelmokienė, A. (2024). Employees’ work–family enrichment in leadership context: systematic review and meta-analytical investigation. Business: Theory and Practice, 25(2), 574–584. https://doi.org/10.3846/btp.2024.21867
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
Anger, W. K., Kyler-Yano, J., Vaughn, K., Wipfli, B., Olson, R., & Blanco, M. (2018). Total Worker Health® intervention for construction workers alters safety, health, well-being measures. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 60(8), 700–709. https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0000000000001290
Bandura, A. (1971). Social learning theory. General Learning Press.
Carlson, D. S., Kacmar, K. M., Wayne, J. H., & Grzywacz, J. G. (2006). Measuring the positive side of the work–family interface: Development and validation of a work–family enrichment scale. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 68(1), 131–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2005.02.002
Cerrato, J., & Cifre, E. (2018). Gender inequality in household chores and work-family conflict. Frontiers in Psychology, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01330
Chen, H., Ayoun, B., & Eyoun, K. (2018). Work-family conflict and turnover intentions: A study comparing China and US hotel employees. Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism, 17(2), 247–269. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332845.2017.1406272
Cinamon, R. G., & Rich, Y. (2002). Gender differences in the importance of work and family roles: Implications for work–family conflict. Sex Roles, 47, 531–541. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022021804846
Crain, T. L., Hammer, L. B., Bodner, T., Kossek, E. E., Moen, P., Lilienthal, R., & Buxton, O. M. (2014). Work–family conflict, family-supportive supervisor behaviors (FSSB), and sleep outcomes. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 19(2), 155–167. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0036010
Ellis, A. M., Crain, T. L., & Stevens, S. C. (2022). Is it my job? Leaders’ family-supportive role perceptions. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 37(2), 125–138. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMP-09-2020-0493
Finfgeld-Connett, D. (2005). Clarification of social support. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 37(1), 4–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1547-5069.2005.00004.x
French, K. A., Dumani, S., Allen, T. D., & Shockley, K. M. (2018). A meta-analysis of work–family conflict and social support. Psychological Bulletin, 144(3), 284–314. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000120
Gragnano, A., Simbula, S., & Miglioretti, M. (2020). Work–life balance: Weighing the importance of work–family and work–health balance. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(3), Article 907. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030907
Greenhaus, J. H., & Powell, G. N. (2006). When work and family are allies: A theory of work-family enrichment. Academy of Management Review, 31(1), 72–92. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2006.19379625
Grzywacz, J. G., & Marks, N. F. (2000). Reconceptualizing the work–family interface: An ecological perspective on the correlates of positive and negative spillover between work and family. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5(1), 111–126. https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-8998.5.1.111
Haddaway, N. R., Collins, A. M., Coughlin, D., & Kirk, S. (2015). The role of Google Scholar in evidence reviews and its applicability to grey literature searching. PloS one, 10(9), Article e0138237. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0138237
Hakanen, J., & Peeters, M. (2015). How do work engagement, workaholism, and the work-to-family interface affect each other? A 7-year follow-up study. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 57(6), 601–609. https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0000000000000457
Hakanen, J. J., Peeters, M. C., & Perhoniemi, R. (2011). Enrichment processes and gain spirals at work and at home: A 3‐year cross‐lagged panel study. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 84(1), 8–30. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8325.2010.02014.x
Hammer, L. B., Ernst Kossek, E., Bodner, T., & Crain, T. (2013). Measurement development and validation of the Family Supportive Supervisor Behavior Short-Form (FSSB-SF). Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 18(3), 285–296. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032612
Hammer, L. B., Kossek, E. E., Anger, W. K., Bodner, T., & Zimmerman, K. L. (2011). Clarifying work–family intervention processes: The roles of work–family conflict and family-supportive supervisor behaviors. Journal of Applied Psychology, 96(1), 134–150. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0020927
Hammer, L. B., Kossek, E. E., Yragui, N. L., Bodner, T. E., & Hanson, G. C. (2009). Development and validation of a multidimensional measure of family supportive supervisor behaviors (FSSB). Journal of Management, 35(4), 837–856. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206308328510
Hammer, L. B., Kossek, E. E., Yragui, N. L., Bodner, T. E., & Hanson, G. C. (2008). Development and validation of a multidimensional measure of family supportive supervisor behaviors (FSSB). Journal of Management, 35(4), 837–856. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206308328510
Hanson, G. C., Hammer, L. B., & Colton, C. L. (2006). Development and validation of a multidimensional scale of perceived work-family positive spillover. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 11(3), 249–265. https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-8998.11.3.249
Han, S. J., & McLean, G. N. (2020). Effects of family-supportive supervisor behaviors and organizational climate on employees. European Journal of Training and Development, 44(6/7), 659–674. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJTD-12-2019-0195
Jennings, K. S., & Britt, T. W. (2017). Enhancing the resilience of employees through the provision of emotional, informational and instrumental support. In M. F. Crane (Ed.), Managing for resilience: A practical guide for employee wellbeing and organizational performance (pp. 86–100). Taylor & Francis. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315648033-6
Jing, S., Li, Z., Stanley, D. M., Guo, X., & Wenjing, W. (2021). Work-family enrichment: Influence of job autonomy on job satisfaction of knowledge employees. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, Article 726550. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.726550
Kacmar, K. M., Crawford, W. S., Carlson, D. S., Ferguson, M., & Whitten, D. (2014). A short and valid measure of work-family enrichment. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 19(1), 32–45. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035123
Kossek, E. E., Pichler, S., Bodner, T., & Hammer, L. B. (2011). Workplace social support and work–family conflict: A meta‐analysis clarifying the influence of general and work–family‐specific supervisor and organizational support. Personnel Psychology, 64(2), 289–313. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2011.01211.x
Li, Q., & Liu, M. (2023). The effect of family supportive supervisor behavior on teachers’ innovative behavior and thriving at work: A moderated mediation model. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, Article 1129486. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1129486
Li, S., Jia, R., & Sun, R. (2022a). Family supportive supervisor behavior and promotive voice: When and why are there gender differences in work–family? International Journal of Conflict Management, 33(1), 66–83. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCMA-03-2021-0046
Li, X., Wang, R., Zhao, Y., Yang, F., & Wang, X. (2022b). An interwoven psychological syndrome of job burnout and work engagement in construction project management professionals due to work–family imbalance. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(21), Article 14111. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114111
Lin, L., & Bai, Y. (2023). The dual spillover spiraling effects of family incivility on workplace interpersonal deviance: From the conservation of resources perspective. Journal of Business Ethics, 184(3), 725–740. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-022-05123-z
Litano, M. L., Major, D. A., Landers, R. N., Streets, V. N., & Bass, B. I. (2016). A meta-analytic investigation of the relationship between leader-member exchange and work-family experiences. The Leadership Quarterly, 27(5), 802–817. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2016.06.003
Mahood, Q., Van Eerd, D., & Irvin, E. (2014). Searching for grey literature for systematic reviews: Challenges and benefits. Research synthesis methods, 5(3), 221–234. https://doi.org/10.1002/jrsm.1106
McNall, L. A., Nicklin, J. M., & Masuda, A. D. (2010). A meta-analytic review of the consequences associated with work–family enrichment. Journal of Business and Psychology, 25, 381–396. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-009-9141-1
Mellor, S., & Decker, R. (2020). Multiple jobholders with families: A path from jobs held to psychological stress through work-family conflict and performance quality. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 32, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10672-020-09343-1
Moja, L. P., Telaro, E., D’Amico, R., Moschetti, I., Coe, L., & Liberati, A. (2005). Assessment of methodological quality of primary studies by systematic reviews: Results of the metaquality cross sectional study. Bmj, 330(7499), Article 1053. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.38414.515938.8F
Mor Barak, M. E., Travis, D. J., Pyun, H., & Xie, B. (2009). The impact of supervision on worker outcomes: A meta-analysis. Social Service Review, 83(1), 3–32. https://doi.org/10.1086/599028
Odle-Dusseau, H. N., Britt, T. W., & Greene-Shortridge, T. M. (2012). Organizational work–family resources as predictors of job performance and attitudes: The process of work–family conflict and enrichment. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 17(1), 28–40. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0026428
Odle-Dusseau, H. N., Hammer, L. B., Crain, T. L., & Bodner, T. E. (2016). The influence of family-supportive supervisor training on employee job performance and attitudes: An organizational work–family intervention. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 21(3), 296–308. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0039961
Paez, A. (2017). Gray literature: An important resource in systematic reviews. Journal of Evidence‐Based Medicine, 10(3), 233–240. https://doi.org/10.1111/jebm.12266
Pieper, D., & Puljak, L. (2021). Language restrictions in systematic reviews should not be imposed in the search strategy but in the eligibility criteria if necessary. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 132, 146–147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2020.12.027
Qing, G., & Zhou, E. (2017). Bidirectional work–family enrichment mediates the relationship between family-supportive supervisor behaviors and work engagement. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 45(2), 299–308. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.6023
Quintana, D. S. (2015). From pre-registration to publication: A non-technical primer for conducting a meta-analysis to synthesize correlational data. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, Article 1549. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01549
R Core Team. (2023). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. https://www.R-project.org/
RStudio Team. (2023). RStudio: Integrated development for R. RStudio. http://www.rstudio.com/
Russo, M., Buonocore, F., Carmeli, A., & Guo, L. (2018). When family supportive supervisors meet employees’ need for caring: Implications for work–family enrichment and thriving. Journal of Management, 44(4), 1678–1702. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206315618013
Shen, C., Liu, R., Yang, J., Hu, S., & He, P. (2022). How family supportive supervisor behaviors enhance employees’ work-family enrichment? Thriving at work as mediator and intrinsic motivation as moderator. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 2022, 3133–3146. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S379000
Simmonds, M. (2015). Quantifying the risk of error when interpreting funnel plots. Systematic Reviews, 4, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-015-0004-8
Stelmokienė, A., & Vadvilavičius, T. (2022). Skaitmeninių socialinių kontaktų ir darbo-šeimos vaidmenų konflikto vertinimas Lietuvoje: svarbiausi nacionaliniai 10-osios Europos socialinio tyrimo bangos rezultatai (mokslo studija). Vytauto Didžiojo universiteto leidybos centras. https://doi.org/10.7220/2669-2589.4
Sublett, L. W., Rhodes, D., Penney, L. M., & Bok, C. (2021). Just like me: Effects of value congruence on work-family enrichment. Romanian Journal of Psychology, 23(1), 9–17. https://doi.org/10.24913/rjap.23.1.02
ten Brummelhuis, L. L., & Bakker, A. B. (2012). A resource perspective on the work–home interface: The work–home resources model. American Psychologist, 67(7), 545–556. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027974
Usman, A., Akbar, W., Mansoor, M., Imran, N., & Khan, S. (2021). Work-life programs and employment continuity in a single organization: Understanding from whole-life approach to career development. Makara Human Behavior Studies in Asia, 25(1), 32–44. https://doi.org/10.7454/hubs.asia.1091220*
Vadvilavičius, T., & Burčikaitė, D. (2023). Psychometric properties of family-supportive supervisor behavior: Lithuanian version. Psichologija, 68, 55–70. https://doi.org/10.15388/Psichol.2023.59
Valderrama-Zurián, J. C., Aguilar-Moya, R., Melero-Fuentes, D., & Aleixandre-Benavent, R. (2015). A systematic analysis of duplicate records in Scopus. Journal of Informetrics, 9(3), 570–576. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joi.2015.05.002
Viechtbauer, W. (2010). Conducting meta-analyses in R with the metafor package. Journal of Statistical Software, 36(3), 1–48. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v036.i03
Wayne, J. H., Musisca, N., & Fleeson, W. (2004). Considering the role of personality in the work–family experience: Relationships of the big five to work–family conflict and facilitation. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 64(1), 108–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001-8791(03)00035-6
Wang, H. M., Ma, A. L., & Guo, T. T. (2020). Gender concept, work pressure, and work–family conflict. American Journal of Men’s Health, 14(5). https://doi.org/10.1177/1557988320957522
Wong, J. R., Crain, T. L., Brossoit, R. M., Hammer, L. B., Bodner, T. E., & Brady, J. M. (2022). Beyond Just resilience: The important role of work-family resources for military service members. Occupational Health Science, 6(3), 425–450. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41542-022-00111-1
Wu, C., Hunter, E. M., & Sublett, L. W. (2021). Gaining affective resources for work-family enrichment: A multisource experience sampling study of micro-role transitions. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 125, Article 103541. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2021.103541
Yang, B., Su, S., Zong, Z., Du, Q., & Wang, J. (2023). Effects of thriving at work on employees’ family role performance: A moderated mediation model. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, Article 1079201. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1079201
Yucel, D. (2017). Work-to-family conflict and life satisfaction: The moderating role of type of employment. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 12, 577–591. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-016-9477-4
Zhang, Y., Xu, S., Jin, J., & Ford, M. T. (2018). The within and cross domain effects of work-family enrichment: A meta-analysis. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 104, 210–227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2017.11.003
Zhang, S., & Tu, Y. (2018). Cross-domain effects of ethical leadership on employee family and life satisfaction: The moderating role of family-supportive supervisor behaviors. Journal of Business Ethics, 152, 1085–1097. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-016-3306-4
Zhao, K., Zhang, M., Kraimer, M. L., & Yang, B. (2019). Source attribution matters: Mediation and moderation effects in the relationship between work‐to‐family conflict and job satisfaction. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 40(4), 492–505. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2345
Zhu, J., & Liu, W. (2020). A tale of two databases: the use of Web of Science and Scopus in academic papers. Scientometrics, 123(1), 321–335. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-020-03387-8
Zurlo, M. C., Vallone, F., & Smith, A. P. (2020). Work–family conflict and psychophysical health conditions of nurses: Gender differences and moderating variables. Japan Journal of Nursing Science, 17(3), Article e12324. https://doi.org/10.1111/jjns.12324
Bandura, A. (1971). Social learning theory. General Learning Press.
Carlson, D. S., Kacmar, K. M., Wayne, J. H., & Grzywacz, J. G. (2006). Measuring the positive side of the work–family interface: Development and validation of a work–family enrichment scale. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 68(1), 131–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2005.02.002
Cerrato, J., & Cifre, E. (2018). Gender inequality in household chores and work-family conflict. Frontiers in Psychology, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01330
Chen, H., Ayoun, B., & Eyoun, K. (2018). Work-family conflict and turnover intentions: A study comparing China and US hotel employees. Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism, 17(2), 247–269. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332845.2017.1406272
Cinamon, R. G., & Rich, Y. (2002). Gender differences in the importance of work and family roles: Implications for work–family conflict. Sex Roles, 47, 531–541. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022021804846
Crain, T. L., Hammer, L. B., Bodner, T., Kossek, E. E., Moen, P., Lilienthal, R., & Buxton, O. M. (2014). Work–family conflict, family-supportive supervisor behaviors (FSSB), and sleep outcomes. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 19(2), 155–167. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0036010
Ellis, A. M., Crain, T. L., & Stevens, S. C. (2022). Is it my job? Leaders’ family-supportive role perceptions. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 37(2), 125–138. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMP-09-2020-0493
Finfgeld-Connett, D. (2005). Clarification of social support. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 37(1), 4–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1547-5069.2005.00004.x
French, K. A., Dumani, S., Allen, T. D., & Shockley, K. M. (2018). A meta-analysis of work–family conflict and social support. Psychological Bulletin, 144(3), 284–314. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000120
Gragnano, A., Simbula, S., & Miglioretti, M. (2020). Work–life balance: Weighing the importance of work–family and work–health balance. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(3), Article 907. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030907
Greenhaus, J. H., & Powell, G. N. (2006). When work and family are allies: A theory of work-family enrichment. Academy of Management Review, 31(1), 72–92. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2006.19379625
Grzywacz, J. G., & Marks, N. F. (2000). Reconceptualizing the work–family interface: An ecological perspective on the correlates of positive and negative spillover between work and family. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5(1), 111–126. https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-8998.5.1.111
Haddaway, N. R., Collins, A. M., Coughlin, D., & Kirk, S. (2015). The role of Google Scholar in evidence reviews and its applicability to grey literature searching. PloS one, 10(9), Article e0138237. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0138237
Hakanen, J., & Peeters, M. (2015). How do work engagement, workaholism, and the work-to-family interface affect each other? A 7-year follow-up study. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 57(6), 601–609. https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0000000000000457
Hakanen, J. J., Peeters, M. C., & Perhoniemi, R. (2011). Enrichment processes and gain spirals at work and at home: A 3‐year cross‐lagged panel study. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 84(1), 8–30. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8325.2010.02014.x
Hammer, L. B., Ernst Kossek, E., Bodner, T., & Crain, T. (2013). Measurement development and validation of the Family Supportive Supervisor Behavior Short-Form (FSSB-SF). Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 18(3), 285–296. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032612
Hammer, L. B., Kossek, E. E., Anger, W. K., Bodner, T., & Zimmerman, K. L. (2011). Clarifying work–family intervention processes: The roles of work–family conflict and family-supportive supervisor behaviors. Journal of Applied Psychology, 96(1), 134–150. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0020927
Hammer, L. B., Kossek, E. E., Yragui, N. L., Bodner, T. E., & Hanson, G. C. (2009). Development and validation of a multidimensional measure of family supportive supervisor behaviors (FSSB). Journal of Management, 35(4), 837–856. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206308328510
Hammer, L. B., Kossek, E. E., Yragui, N. L., Bodner, T. E., & Hanson, G. C. (2008). Development and validation of a multidimensional measure of family supportive supervisor behaviors (FSSB). Journal of Management, 35(4), 837–856. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206308328510
Hanson, G. C., Hammer, L. B., & Colton, C. L. (2006). Development and validation of a multidimensional scale of perceived work-family positive spillover. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 11(3), 249–265. https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-8998.11.3.249
Han, S. J., & McLean, G. N. (2020). Effects of family-supportive supervisor behaviors and organizational climate on employees. European Journal of Training and Development, 44(6/7), 659–674. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJTD-12-2019-0195
Jennings, K. S., & Britt, T. W. (2017). Enhancing the resilience of employees through the provision of emotional, informational and instrumental support. In M. F. Crane (Ed.), Managing for resilience: A practical guide for employee wellbeing and organizational performance (pp. 86–100). Taylor & Francis. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315648033-6
Jing, S., Li, Z., Stanley, D. M., Guo, X., & Wenjing, W. (2021). Work-family enrichment: Influence of job autonomy on job satisfaction of knowledge employees. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, Article 726550. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.726550
Kacmar, K. M., Crawford, W. S., Carlson, D. S., Ferguson, M., & Whitten, D. (2014). A short and valid measure of work-family enrichment. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 19(1), 32–45. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035123
Kossek, E. E., Pichler, S., Bodner, T., & Hammer, L. B. (2011). Workplace social support and work–family conflict: A meta‐analysis clarifying the influence of general and work–family‐specific supervisor and organizational support. Personnel Psychology, 64(2), 289–313. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2011.01211.x
Li, Q., & Liu, M. (2023). The effect of family supportive supervisor behavior on teachers’ innovative behavior and thriving at work: A moderated mediation model. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, Article 1129486. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1129486
Li, S., Jia, R., & Sun, R. (2022a). Family supportive supervisor behavior and promotive voice: When and why are there gender differences in work–family? International Journal of Conflict Management, 33(1), 66–83. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCMA-03-2021-0046
Li, X., Wang, R., Zhao, Y., Yang, F., & Wang, X. (2022b). An interwoven psychological syndrome of job burnout and work engagement in construction project management professionals due to work–family imbalance. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(21), Article 14111. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114111
Lin, L., & Bai, Y. (2023). The dual spillover spiraling effects of family incivility on workplace interpersonal deviance: From the conservation of resources perspective. Journal of Business Ethics, 184(3), 725–740. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-022-05123-z
Litano, M. L., Major, D. A., Landers, R. N., Streets, V. N., & Bass, B. I. (2016). A meta-analytic investigation of the relationship between leader-member exchange and work-family experiences. The Leadership Quarterly, 27(5), 802–817. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2016.06.003
Mahood, Q., Van Eerd, D., & Irvin, E. (2014). Searching for grey literature for systematic reviews: Challenges and benefits. Research synthesis methods, 5(3), 221–234. https://doi.org/10.1002/jrsm.1106
McNall, L. A., Nicklin, J. M., & Masuda, A. D. (2010). A meta-analytic review of the consequences associated with work–family enrichment. Journal of Business and Psychology, 25, 381–396. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-009-9141-1
Mellor, S., & Decker, R. (2020). Multiple jobholders with families: A path from jobs held to psychological stress through work-family conflict and performance quality. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 32, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10672-020-09343-1
Moja, L. P., Telaro, E., D’Amico, R., Moschetti, I., Coe, L., & Liberati, A. (2005). Assessment of methodological quality of primary studies by systematic reviews: Results of the metaquality cross sectional study. Bmj, 330(7499), Article 1053. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.38414.515938.8F
Mor Barak, M. E., Travis, D. J., Pyun, H., & Xie, B. (2009). The impact of supervision on worker outcomes: A meta-analysis. Social Service Review, 83(1), 3–32. https://doi.org/10.1086/599028
Odle-Dusseau, H. N., Britt, T. W., & Greene-Shortridge, T. M. (2012). Organizational work–family resources as predictors of job performance and attitudes: The process of work–family conflict and enrichment. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 17(1), 28–40. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0026428
Odle-Dusseau, H. N., Hammer, L. B., Crain, T. L., & Bodner, T. E. (2016). The influence of family-supportive supervisor training on employee job performance and attitudes: An organizational work–family intervention. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 21(3), 296–308. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0039961
Paez, A. (2017). Gray literature: An important resource in systematic reviews. Journal of Evidence‐Based Medicine, 10(3), 233–240. https://doi.org/10.1111/jebm.12266
Pieper, D., & Puljak, L. (2021). Language restrictions in systematic reviews should not be imposed in the search strategy but in the eligibility criteria if necessary. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 132, 146–147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2020.12.027
Qing, G., & Zhou, E. (2017). Bidirectional work–family enrichment mediates the relationship between family-supportive supervisor behaviors and work engagement. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 45(2), 299–308. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.6023
Quintana, D. S. (2015). From pre-registration to publication: A non-technical primer for conducting a meta-analysis to synthesize correlational data. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, Article 1549. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01549
R Core Team. (2023). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. https://www.R-project.org/
RStudio Team. (2023). RStudio: Integrated development for R. RStudio. http://www.rstudio.com/
Russo, M., Buonocore, F., Carmeli, A., & Guo, L. (2018). When family supportive supervisors meet employees’ need for caring: Implications for work–family enrichment and thriving. Journal of Management, 44(4), 1678–1702. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206315618013
Shen, C., Liu, R., Yang, J., Hu, S., & He, P. (2022). How family supportive supervisor behaviors enhance employees’ work-family enrichment? Thriving at work as mediator and intrinsic motivation as moderator. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 2022, 3133–3146. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S379000
Simmonds, M. (2015). Quantifying the risk of error when interpreting funnel plots. Systematic Reviews, 4, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-015-0004-8
Stelmokienė, A., & Vadvilavičius, T. (2022). Skaitmeninių socialinių kontaktų ir darbo-šeimos vaidmenų konflikto vertinimas Lietuvoje: svarbiausi nacionaliniai 10-osios Europos socialinio tyrimo bangos rezultatai (mokslo studija). Vytauto Didžiojo universiteto leidybos centras. https://doi.org/10.7220/2669-2589.4
Sublett, L. W., Rhodes, D., Penney, L. M., & Bok, C. (2021). Just like me: Effects of value congruence on work-family enrichment. Romanian Journal of Psychology, 23(1), 9–17. https://doi.org/10.24913/rjap.23.1.02
ten Brummelhuis, L. L., & Bakker, A. B. (2012). A resource perspective on the work–home interface: The work–home resources model. American Psychologist, 67(7), 545–556. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027974
Usman, A., Akbar, W., Mansoor, M., Imran, N., & Khan, S. (2021). Work-life programs and employment continuity in a single organization: Understanding from whole-life approach to career development. Makara Human Behavior Studies in Asia, 25(1), 32–44. https://doi.org/10.7454/hubs.asia.1091220*
Vadvilavičius, T., & Burčikaitė, D. (2023). Psychometric properties of family-supportive supervisor behavior: Lithuanian version. Psichologija, 68, 55–70. https://doi.org/10.15388/Psichol.2023.59
Valderrama-Zurián, J. C., Aguilar-Moya, R., Melero-Fuentes, D., & Aleixandre-Benavent, R. (2015). A systematic analysis of duplicate records in Scopus. Journal of Informetrics, 9(3), 570–576. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joi.2015.05.002
Viechtbauer, W. (2010). Conducting meta-analyses in R with the metafor package. Journal of Statistical Software, 36(3), 1–48. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v036.i03
Wayne, J. H., Musisca, N., & Fleeson, W. (2004). Considering the role of personality in the work–family experience: Relationships of the big five to work–family conflict and facilitation. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 64(1), 108–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001-8791(03)00035-6
Wang, H. M., Ma, A. L., & Guo, T. T. (2020). Gender concept, work pressure, and work–family conflict. American Journal of Men’s Health, 14(5). https://doi.org/10.1177/1557988320957522
Wong, J. R., Crain, T. L., Brossoit, R. M., Hammer, L. B., Bodner, T. E., & Brady, J. M. (2022). Beyond Just resilience: The important role of work-family resources for military service members. Occupational Health Science, 6(3), 425–450. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41542-022-00111-1
Wu, C., Hunter, E. M., & Sublett, L. W. (2021). Gaining affective resources for work-family enrichment: A multisource experience sampling study of micro-role transitions. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 125, Article 103541. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2021.103541
Yang, B., Su, S., Zong, Z., Du, Q., & Wang, J. (2023). Effects of thriving at work on employees’ family role performance: A moderated mediation model. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, Article 1079201. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1079201
Yucel, D. (2017). Work-to-family conflict and life satisfaction: The moderating role of type of employment. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 12, 577–591. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-016-9477-4
Zhang, Y., Xu, S., Jin, J., & Ford, M. T. (2018). The within and cross domain effects of work-family enrichment: A meta-analysis. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 104, 210–227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2017.11.003
Zhang, S., & Tu, Y. (2018). Cross-domain effects of ethical leadership on employee family and life satisfaction: The moderating role of family-supportive supervisor behaviors. Journal of Business Ethics, 152, 1085–1097. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-016-3306-4
Zhao, K., Zhang, M., Kraimer, M. L., & Yang, B. (2019). Source attribution matters: Mediation and moderation effects in the relationship between work‐to‐family conflict and job satisfaction. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 40(4), 492–505. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2345
Zhu, J., & Liu, W. (2020). A tale of two databases: the use of Web of Science and Scopus in academic papers. Scientometrics, 123(1), 321–335. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-020-03387-8
Zurlo, M. C., Vallone, F., & Smith, A. P. (2020). Work–family conflict and psychophysical health conditions of nurses: Gender differences and moderating variables. Japan Journal of Nursing Science, 17(3), Article e12324. https://doi.org/10.1111/jjns.12324